TABLE 2.

Bivariate analyses of factors associated with NTDC visit rates to EDs/POs and dental offices for Medicaid enrollees.

Characteristic	EDs/POs		Dental Offices
	NTDC Visit Rate per 10,000 Person-Years†	Unadjusted Rate Ratio (95% CI)	NTDC Visit Rate per 10,000 Person-Years†	Unadjusted Rate Ratio (95% CI)
Total	242	-	5327	-
Gender
Female	273	Referent	5561	Referent
Male	200	0.73 (0.61, 0.88)	5002	0.90 (0.86, 0.94)
Age
≤ 18 years old	100	Referent	5149	Referent
> 18 years old	389	3.87 (3.46, 4.33)	5512	1.07 (1.02, 1.12)
Race/ethnicity
White	243	Referent	5783	Referent
African-American	252	1.04 (0.82, 1.31)	4187	0.72 (0.69, 0.76)
Latino	167	0.69 (0.46, 1.03)	4396	0.76 (0.70, 0.82)
Asian/Pacific Islander	81	0.33 (0.14, 0.82)	4996	0.86 (0.77, 0.97)
Native American	345	1.42 (0.79, 2.58)	5384	0.93 (0.81, 1.08)
Other	232	0.96 (0.36, 2.56)	4674	0.81 (0.65, 1.00)
Unknown	275	1.13 (0.91, 1.42)	5711	0.99 (0.94, 1.03)
DHPSA
None	223	Referent	5700	Referent
Partial	242	1.08 (0.87, 1.34)	4877	0.86 (0.81, 0.90)
Entire	265	1.19 (0.93, 1.52)	5835	1.02 (0.97, 1.09)
UIC
Metropolitan	243	Referent	5081	Referent
Micropolitan	252	1.04 (0.78, 1.38)	5750	1.13 (1.06, 1.21)
Rural	233	0.96 (0.75, 1.23)	6129	1.21 (1.14, 1.28)

^*Statistically significant findings are highlighted in bold.

^†Rates are expressed person-years of Medicaid enrollment

ED = Emergency Department PO = Physician’s Office

UIC = Urban Influence Code DHPSA = Dental Health Professional Shortage Area