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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Dec;139(12):1657–1666. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0108

TABLE 3.

Bivariate analyses of factors associated with NTDC visit rates to EDs and to POs.

Characteristic EDs POs

NTDC Visit Rate per 10,000 Person-Years * Unadjusted Rate Ratio (95% CI) NTDC Visit Rate* Unadjusted Rate Ratio (95% CI)

Total 141 - 101 -

Gender
 Female 163 Referent 110 Referent
 Male 111 0.68 (0.56, 0.83) 89 0.81 (0.67, 0.97)

Age
 ≤ 18 years old 57 Referent 43 Referent
 > 18 years old 228 4.00 (3.46, 4.63) 161 3.71 (3.29, 4.18)

Race/ethnicity
 White 127 Referent 116 Referent
 African-American 188 1.48 (1.18, 1.86) 64 0.55 (0.42, 0.72)
 Latino 87 0.68 (0.44, 1.07) 80 0.70 (0.48, 1.01)
 Asian/Pacific Islander 18 0.15 (0.03, 0.66) 63 0.54 (0.28, 1.04)
 Native American 193 1.52 (0.80, 2.89) 152 1.32 (0.75, 2.32)
 Other 110 0.87 (0.27, 2.74) 122 1.06 (0.45, 2.50)
 Unknown 166 1.31 (1.03, 1.66) 109 0.94 (0.76, 1.17)

DHPSA
 None 121 Referent 102 Referent
 Partial 158 1.30 (1.03, 1.65) 84 0.82 (0.67, 1.02)
 Entire 129 1.06 (0.80, 1.42) 136 1.34 (1.07, 1.67)

UIC
 Metropolitan 150 Referent 93 Referent
 Micropolitan 134 0.90 (0.65, 1.23) 118 1.27 (0.97, 1.66)
 Rural 108 0.72 (0.54, 0.97) 125 1.34 (1.08, 1.68)
*

Statistically significant findings are highlighted in bold.

Rates are expressed per person-years of Medicaid enrollment

ED = Emergency Department PO = Physician’s Office

UIC = Urban Influence Code DHPSA = Dental Health Professional Shortage Area