TABLE 3.

Bivariate analyses of factors associated with NTDC visit rates to EDs and to POs.

Characteristic	EDs		POs
	NTDC Visit Rate per 10,000 Person-Years *	Unadjusted Rate Ratio (95% CI)	NTDC Visit Rate*	Unadjusted Rate Ratio (95% CI)
Total	141	-	101	-
Gender
Female	163	Referent	110	Referent
Male	111	0.68 (0.56, 0.83)	89	0.81 (0.67, 0.97)
Age
≤ 18 years old	57	Referent	43	Referent
> 18 years old	228	4.00 (3.46, 4.63)	161	3.71 (3.29, 4.18)
Race/ethnicity
White	127	Referent	116	Referent
African-American	188	1.48 (1.18, 1.86)	64	0.55 (0.42, 0.72)
Latino	87	0.68 (0.44, 1.07)	80	0.70 (0.48, 1.01)
Asian/Pacific Islander	18	0.15 (0.03, 0.66)	63	0.54 (0.28, 1.04)
Native American	193	1.52 (0.80, 2.89)	152	1.32 (0.75, 2.32)
Other	110	0.87 (0.27, 2.74)	122	1.06 (0.45, 2.50)
Unknown	166	1.31 (1.03, 1.66)	109	0.94 (0.76, 1.17)
DHPSA
None	121	Referent	102	Referent
Partial	158	1.30 (1.03, 1.65)	84	0.82 (0.67, 1.02)
Entire	129	1.06 (0.80, 1.42)	136	1.34 (1.07, 1.67)
UIC
Metropolitan	150	Referent	93	Referent
Micropolitan	134	0.90 (0.65, 1.23)	118	1.27 (0.97, 1.66)
Rural	108	0.72 (0.54, 0.97)	125	1.34 (1.08, 1.68)

^*Statistically significant findings are highlighted in bold.

^†Rates are expressed per person-years of Medicaid enrollment

ED = Emergency Department PO = Physician’s Office

UIC = Urban Influence Code DHPSA = Dental Health Professional Shortage Area