Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of cases and controls.
| Characteristics | Cases | Controls | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 280 | 365 | |
| Age (years) | 64.4 ± 9.5 | 63.9 ± 9.8 | 0.6 |
| Male sex (%) | 146 (52.2) | 187 (51.2) | 0.8 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 18.3 ± 8.1 | 12.5 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Patients on insulin therapy (%) | 195 (69.8) | 148 (40.5) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%)* | 8.0 ± 1.5 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 0.009 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 146 ± 22 | 144 ± 19 | 0.2 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 84 ± 11 | 84 ± 10 | 0.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 4.9 | 31.3 ± 4.4 | 0.007 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 218 (77.7) | 285 (78) | 0.5 |
| Smokers (%) | 28 (9.9) | 24 (6.7) | 0.2 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 0.005 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.007 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.4 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 0.4 |
The values represent mean ± standard deviation. Bold indicates statistically significant results.
*The average value for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).