TABLE 2.
Equivalence of CPC Preschool Intervention and Comparison Groups on Pre-Program Attributes for the Adult Follow-up Study
| Adult Follow-up Sample (n = 1373)* |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preschool Intervention Group |
Comparison Group |
Original Sample |
||
| Child/Family Characteristics** | (N=893) | (N=480) | p-value | p-value |
| Sample recovery, % | 90.3 | 87.3 | - | - |
| African American child, % | 93.4 | 93.1 | .85 | .59 |
| Female child, % | 54.1 | 48.3 | .04 | .11 |
| Low birth weight (<2500g), % | 11.5 | 14.7 | .10 | .11 |
| ≥ 60% low income families in school attendance area, %x | 77.6 | 72.9 | .05 | .04 |
| ≥ 40% of persons living in poverty in area of residence, % | 69.9 | 54.0 | .000 | .000 |
| Child welfare case history by age 4, % | 2.9 | 5.0 | .05 | .08 |
| Parent under age 18 at child birth, % x | 16.4 | 18.2 | .40 | .29 |
| Mother did not complete high school, % x | 50.5 | 58.7 | .004 | .001 |
| Single parent family status, % x | 76.3 | 74.9 | .58 | .59 |
| Mother not employed, % x | 64.5 | 59.6 | .09 | .11 |
| Child eligible for subsidized meals, % x,y | 83.1 | 82.4 | .76 | .39 |
| Participate in TANF program, % x | 62.4 | 60.4 | .48 | .59 |
| Four or more children in family, % x | 16.4 | 19.7 | .14 | .27 |
| Frequent family conflict, % | 6.2 | 5.2 | .48 | .48 |
| Family financial problems, % | 7.5 | 6.2 | .41 | .40 |
| Undesirable early home environment, % z | 13.9 | 11.3 | .91 | .72 |
| Missing 1 or more risk factors, % | 12.4 | 15.2 | .15 | .03 |
| Risk index (0 to 8), mean (SD) | 4.32 (1.74) | 4.28 (1.79) | .73 | .39 |
The adult follow-up sample had known educational attainment by August 2005. P values show the significance of mean (or percentage) group differences for age 25–26 and the original samples. The preschool comparison group participated in an alternative full-day kindergarten but had no CPC preschool participation. School-age and extended intervention groups had similar profiles as the CPC preschool group.
Data on child and family characteristics were collected from birth to age 3 based on multiple administrative records and parent surveys. Data on TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) and subsidized meals were collected up to age 8. Sample sizes ranged from 1234 to 1373 (follow up sample). They ranged from 1342 to 1539 for the original sample.
Variable included in the risk index.
Eligibility defined at <130% of the federal poverty level.
Defined as frequent family conflict, financial problems, or parental substance abuse from age 0 to 5 years.