Table 1.
Laboratory parameters during course of lupus nephritis development
| Parameters | Normal range | Initial presentation with dengue fever (before lupus development) | Development of lupus nephritis (8 weeks later) | 10-week follow-up – post lupus therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin (gm/dL) | 12–16 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 14.3 |
| Leucocyte count (/mm3) | 4,000–10,500 | 6,060 | 9,270 | 11,100 |
| Platelet count (lac/mm3) | 1.5–4.5 | 0.60 | 3.98 | 3.34 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 37–50 | 32.3 | 29.9 | 32 |
| ESR | Up to 20 | 20 | 74 | 38 |
| Urea (mg %) | 15–35 | 16 | 18 | 32 |
| Serum creatinine (mg %) | 0.6–1.3 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Serum sodium (mE/L) | 135–145 | 133 | 134 | 140 |
| Serum potassium (mE/L) | 3.5–5.5 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.6 |
| SGPT (U/L) | 5–55 | 25 | 24 | 51 |
| SGOT (U/L) | 5–55 | 35 | 33 | 23 |
| Total protein (gm %) | 6.2–8.4 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 7.0 |
| Albumin (gm %) | 3.5–5.0 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.8 |
| Globulin (gm/dL) | 2–4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 3.2 |
| CPK total (IU/L) | 60–400 | Not done | Not done | 51 |
| Urine microscopy | Absent proteins, cells, casts | Trace proteins, no casts | 3+ proteins, 2–3 RBCs/HPF, no casts | Trace proteins, no casts |
| 24-hour urinary protein (mg/24h) | <300 | Not done | 1,130 | 422 |
| ANA (immunofluorescence) | – | Not done | Positive (homogenous) 1:2,560 | Positive (homogenous) 1:80 |
| Anti-dsDNA (immunofluorescence) | – | Not done | Positive 1:80 | Negative |
| Complement C3 (mg/dL) | 90–180 | Not done | 105 | 76.2 |
| Complement C4 (mg/dL) | 10–40 | Not done | 18 | 15.8 |
| Coombs test (direct and indirect) | Negative | Not done | Negative | Negative |
| p-ANCA (IIF) | – | Not done | Strongly positive 1:320 | Weakly positive 1:80 |
| IHC, ISH – dengue RNA virus in tissue biopsy | – | Not done | Negative |
Abbreviations: ANA, antinuclear antibody; Anti-dsDNA, anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid; CPK, creatine phosphokinase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HPF, high power field; IHC, immunohistochemistry; IIF, indirect immunofluorescence; ISH, in situ hybridization; p-ANCA, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transferase; RBC, red blood cell.