Table S1.
Study acronym | Cardiovascular outcome | Timepoint (years)a | Treatment arm | N subjects | N events |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary preventionb | |||||
AFCAPS/TexCAPS28 | Fatal/non-fatal MI, unstable angina, cardiac death | 1 | Placebo | 3,301 | 183 |
Lovastatin | 3,304 | 116 | |||
ALLHAT-LLT18 | Coronary death or MI | 2 | Usual care | 5,185 | 421 |
Pravastatin | 5,170 | 380 | |||
ASCOT-LLA29 | Coronary death or MI | 2 | Placebo | 5,137 | 154 |
Atorvastatin | 5,168 | 100 | |||
ENHANCE20 | Coronary death, MI, stroke, revascularization | 2 | Simvastatin | 363 | 7 |
Simvastatin/ezetimibe | 357 | 10 | |||
HHS30 | Coronary death or MI | 3 | Placebo | 2,035 | 84 |
Gemfibrozil | 2,046 | 56 | |||
JUPITER31 | CV death, MI, stroke, angina, revascularization | 4 | Placebo | 8,901 | 251 |
Rosuvastatin | 8,901 | 142 | |||
LRC-CPPT9 | Coronary death or MI | 7.4 | Placebo | 1,900 | 187 |
Cholestyramine | 1,906 | 155 | |||
MEGA33 | Coronary death, MI, angina, revascularization | 5.3-year mean | Diet | 3,966 | 101 |
Diet/pravastatin | 3,866 | 66 | |||
METEOR32 | MI, angina, coronary syndromes | 2-year mean | Placebo | 252 | 0 |
Rosuvastatin | 624 | 6 | |||
SPARCL19 | Coronary death or MI | 5-year mean | Placebo | 2,366 | 121 |
Atorvastatin | 2,365 | 83 | |||
WOSCOPS34 | Coronary death or MI | 5 | Placebo | 3,293 | 248 |
Pravastatin | 3,302 | 174 | |||
Secondary preventionc | |||||
4S35 | Coronary death or MI | 5.4 | Placebo | 2,223 | 622 |
Simvastatin | 2,221 | 431 | |||
AFREGS36 | Coronary death or hospitalization for angina | 0.96 | Placebo | 72 | 16 |
Niacin/gemfibrozil/cholestyramine | 71 | 7 | |||
AIM-HIGH37 | Coronary death, MI, revascularization | 3.0 | Placebo/simvastatin | 1,696 | 274 |
Niacin/simvastatin | 1,718 | 282 | |||
ALLIANCE38 | Coronary death, MI, angina, revascularization | 4.6 | Usual care | 1,225 | 333 |
Atorvastatin | 1,217 | 289 | |||
A-Z39 | Cardiovascular death, MI, readmission ACS, stroke | 0.67 | Placebo/simvastatin 20 mg | 2,232 | 343 |
Simvastatin 40/80 mg | 2,265 | 309 | |||
BECAIT40 | Coronary death or MI | 5 | Placebo | 39 | 3 |
Bezafibrate | 42 | 3 | |||
BIP41 | Fatal/non-fatal MI or sudden death | 6.2 | Placebo | 1,542 | 232 |
Bezafibrate | 1,548 | 211 | |||
CARDS21 | Fatal/non-fatal MI | 2 | Placebo | 1,410 | 61 |
Atorvastatin | 1,428 | 33 | |||
CARE42 | Coronary death or MI | 5-year mean | Placebo | 2,078 | 274 |
Pravastatin | 2,081 | 212 | |||
FIELD22 | Coronary death or MI | 5 | Placebo | 4,900 | 288 |
Fenofibrate | 4,895 | 256 | |||
GISSI-P43 | Coronary death or MI | 2-year median | Usual care | 2,133 | 83 |
Pravastatin | 2,138 | 67 | |||
GREACE44 | Coronary death, MI, angina, revascularization | 3-year mean | Usual care | 800 | 196 |
Atorvastatin | 800 | 96 | |||
HATS45 | Coronary death or MI | 3.0 | Placebo | 38 | 9 |
Simvastatin/niacin | 38 | 1 | |||
HERS46 | Coronary death or MI | 1 | Placebo | 1,383 | 176 |
Estrogen-progestin | 1,380 | 172 | |||
HHS ancillary47 | Coronary death or MI | 5-year mean | Placebo | 317 | 24 |
Gemfibrozil | 311 | 35 | |||
IDEAL48 | Coronary death or MI | 2 | Simvastatin | 4,449 | 463 |
Atorvastatin | 4,439 | 411 | |||
LIPID49 | Coronary death or MI | 5-year median | Placebo | 4,502 | 715 |
Pravastatin | 4,512 | 557 | |||
MIRACL50 | Coronary death or MI | 0.31 | Placebo | 1,548 | 169 |
Atorvastatin | 1,538 | 155 | |||
ORIGIN23 | Cardiovascular death | 6.2 | Placebo | 6,255 | 581 |
Omega-3 fatty acids | 6,281 | 574 | |||
PCABGT51 | Fatal/non-fatal MI | 4.3 | Lovastatin 5 mg | 675 | 40 |
Lovastatin 80 mg | 676 | 35 | |||
PLAC-I52 | Coronary death or MI | 3 | Placebo | 202 | 19 |
Pravastatin | 206 | 10 | |||
REGRESS53 | Coronary death or MI | 1 | Placebo | 434 | 16 |
Pravastatin | 450 | 9 | |||
STARS10 | Coronary death or MI | 3.25-year mean | Usual care | 24 | 5 |
Diet/cholestyramine | 24 | 1 | |||
TNT54 | Coronary death or MI | 3 | Atorvastatin 10 mg | 5,006 | 418 |
Atorvastatin 80 mg | 4,995 | 334 | |||
VA-HIT55 | Coronary death or MI | 3 | Placebo | 1,267 | 275 |
Gemfibrozil | 1,264 | 219 | |||
Mixed primary and secondary preventiond | |||||
ACCORD24 | Nonfatal MI or stroke, or CV death | 5 | Simvastatin/placebo | 2,753 | 310 |
Simvastatin/fenofibrate | 2,765 | 291 | |||
HOLICOS-PAT26 | Coronary death, MI, angina, revascularization | 1 | Diet only | 749 | 37 |
Pravastatin | 1,290 | 58 | |||
HPS25 | Coronary death or MI | 3 | Placebo | 10,267 | 1212 |
Simvastatin | 10,269 | 898 | |||
PROSPER27 | Coronary death or MI | 0.25 | Placebo | 2,913 | 356 |
Pravastatin | 2,891 | 292 |
Notes:
The timepoint is either a single time at which the lipid values were reported or, if indicated, the time over which the on-study mean or median was calculated
ALLHAT-LLT had 14% of subjects with a history of coronary heart disease, but no indication of prior cardiovascular events, so was considered a primary prevention study. Patients in the SPARCL trial had had a stroke, but did not have coronary heart disease. Patients in ENHANCE were at increased risk due to elevated TC, but were primary with respect to cardiovascular events
subjects in CARDS and FIELD had diabetes (a CHD risk equivalent), and were therefore classified with the secondary prevention studies. Subjects in ORIGIN were at high CV risk due to a history of CV events or diabetes
populations were classified as mixed primary and secondary prevention if some subjects had a history cardiovascular events (36.5% in ACCORD, 41% in HPS), diabetes (13%–18% in Holicos-PAT), or vascular disease (44% in PROSPER, 17.5% in Holicos-PAT).
Abbreviations: 4S, Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study; ACCORD, Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes; AFCAPS/TexCAPS, Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosceloris Prevention Study; AFREGS, Armed Forces Regression Study; AIM-HIGH, Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic syndrome with low HDL/High triglycerides: Impact on Global Health outcomes; ALLHAT-LLT, Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial; ALLIANCE, Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Initiation Abates New Cardiac Events; ASCOT-LLA, Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial--Lipid Lowering Arm; A-Z, A to Z Trial; BECAIT, BEzafibrate Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial; BIP, Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention; CARDS, Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study; CARE, Cholesterol and Recurrent Events; CHD, coronary heart disease; CV, cardiovascular; ENHANCE, Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Atherosclerosis Regression; FIELD, Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes; GISSI-P. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico-Prevenzione; GREACE, GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary heart disease Evaluation; HATS, HDL Atherosclerosis Treatment Study; HERS, Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study; HHS, Helsinki Heart Study; Hollicos-PAT, Hokuriku lipid coronary heart disease study-pravastatin atherosclerosis trial; HPS, Heart Protection Study; IDEAL, Incremental Decrease in End points through Aggressive Lipid lowering; JUPITER, Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin; LIPID, Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease; LRC-CPPT, Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial; MEGA, The Management of Elevated Cholesterol in the Primary Prevention Group of Adult Japanese; METEOR, Measuring Effects on Intima-Media Thickness: an Evaluation of Rosuvastatin; MI, myocardial infarction; MIRACL, Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering; NR, not reported; ORIGIN, Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Iintervention; PCABGT, Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial; PLAC-I, Pravastatin Limitation of Atherosclerosis in the Coronary arteries; PROSPER, PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk; REGRESS, Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study; SPARCL, Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels; STARS, St Thomas’ Atherosclerosis Regression Study; TC, total cholesterol; TNT, Treating to New Targets; VA-HIT, Veterans Affairs High-density lipoprotein cholesterol Intervention Trial; WOSCOPS, West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study.