Table 2.

Renal levels of cytokines in experimental animals at the end of the eight-week treatment

Cytokines	Normal rats	STZ-diabetic rats
	Vehicle	Vehicle	ZER 20	ZER 40	RGZ
TNF-α (pg/mg protein)	72.04 ± 8.26d	169.35 ± 9.74b	134.30 ± 10.33b,c	107.19 ± 8.71b,d	96.47 ± 7.36a,d
IL-1β (pg/mg protein)	23.37 ± 4.17d	62.78 ± 5.07b	42.26 ± 2.97b,c	33.21 ± 3.81b,c	29.88 ± 3.74b,c
IL-6 (pg/mg protein)	55.73 ± 8.74d	164.27 ± 12.32b	130.25 ± 9.23b,c	109.17 ± 10.51b,c	87.52 ± 5.13b,c

STZ-diabetic rats were dosed by oral gavage once per day for eight weeks with 5 mg/kg/day rosiglitazone (RGZ), 20 mg/kg/day zerumbone (ZER 20), 40 mg/kg/day zerumbone (ZER 40). Normal or STZ-diabetic rats receiving vehicle treatment were given the same volume of vehicle (distilled water) used to dissolve test medications. Values (mean ± SD) were obtained for each group of 8 animals.

^ap < 0.05 and ^bp < 0.01 compared to the values of vehicle-treated normal rats.

^cp < 0.05 and ^dp < 0.01 compared to the values of vehicle-treated STZ-diabetic rats, respectively.