Table 1.
Bivariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with progression to regular injection drug use among street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada (n=405).
| Characteristic | Progression to Regular Injector
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n = 293, n (%) |
No n = 112, n (%) |
Odds Ratio, (95% CI*) | p-value | Adjusted Odds Ratio, (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Sociodemographic Factors | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Age at first inject. | 18a | 19a | 1.12 (1.05 – 1.21) | 0.001 | 1.13 (1.05 – 1.22) | 0.002 |
| Per year younger | (16–20)b | (17–21)b | ||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 104 (79) | 27 (21) | 1.73 (1.06 – 2.84) | 0.030 | 1.47 (0.87 – 2.48) | 0.154 |
| Male | 189 (69) | 85 (31) | ||||
| Aboriginal ancestry | ||||||
| Yes | 69 (73) | 26 (27) | 1.02 (0.61 – 1.71) | 0.943 | ||
| No | 224 (72) | 86 (28) | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Childhood Trauma: | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Physical abuse | ||||||
| Moderate/Severe | 102 (80) | 26 (20) | 1.77 (1.07 – 2.91) | 0.026 | 1.81 (1.07 – 3.07) | 0.027 |
| None/Low | 191 (69) | 86 (31) | ||||
| Sexual abuse | ||||||
| Moderate/Severe | 66 (80) | 17 (21) | 1.62 (0.91 – 2.91) | 0.104 | ||
| None/Low | 227 (71) | 95 (29) | ||||
| Emotional abuse | ||||||
| Moderate/Severe | 152 (75) | 52 (25) | 1.24 (0.80 – 1.92) | 0.327 | ||
| None/Low | 141 (70) | 60 (30) | ||||
| Physical neglect | ||||||
| Moderate/Severe | 90 (76) | 28 (24) | 1.33 (0.81 – 2.18) | 0.258 | ||
| None/Low | 203 (71) | 84 (29) | ||||
| Emotional neglect | ||||||
| Moderate/Severe | 154 (77) | 46 (23) | 1.59 (1.02 – 2.47) | 0.039 | ||
| None/Low | 139 (68) | 66 (32) | ||||
|
| ||||||
| First Drug Injected: | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Opiates (Ref.) | ||||||
| Yes | 147 (75) | 50 (25) | -REF- | |||
| No | 146 (70) | 62 (30) | ||||
| Cocaine | ||||||
| Yes | 58 (68) | 27 (32) | 0.73 (0.42 – 1.28) | 0.270 | ||
| No | 235 (73) | 85 (27) | ||||
| Methamphetamines | ||||||
| Yes | 74 (76) | 23 (24) | 1.09 (0.62 – 1.93) | 0.756 | ||
| No | 219 (71) | 89 (29) | ||||
| Other | ||||||
| Yes | 14 (54) | 12 (46) | 0.40 (0.17 – 0.92) | 0.030 | ||
| No | 279 (74) | 100 (26) | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Circumstances of first injection: | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Prior regular use of drug first injected | ||||||
| Yes | 108 (79) | 29 (21) | 1.67 (1.03 – 2.71) | 0.038 | 1.77 (1.07 – 2.93) | 0.027 |
| No | 185 (69) | 83 (31) | ||||
| Duration of illicit hard drug use prior to first injection event | ||||||
| Per additional year | 2a (1–5)b | 3a(2–5)b | 0.91 (0.85 – 0.98) | 0.013 | ||
| Alone at first injection event | ||||||
| Yes | 26 (68) | 12 (32) | 0.81 (0.39 – 1.67) | 0.570 | ||
| No | 267 (73) | 100 (27) | ||||
| Family member present at first injection event | ||||||
| Yes | 17 (68) | 8 (32) | 0.80 (0.34 – 1.91) | 0.617 | ||
| No | 276 (73) | 104 (27) | ||||
| Sexual partner present at first injection event | ||||||
| Yes | 49 (86) | 8 (14) | 2.61 (1.20 – 5.71) | 0.016 | 2.65 (1.16 – 6.04) | 0.021 |
| No | 244 (70) | 104 (30) | ||||
| Older people present at first injection event | ||||||
| Yes | 183 (73) | 67 (27) | 1.12 (0.72 – 1.75) | 0.626 | ||
| No | 110 (71) | 45 (29) | ||||
| Required help injecting | ||||||
| Yes | 227 (74) | 79 (26) | 1.44 (0.88 – 2.35) | 0.147 | ||
| No | 66 (67) | 33 (33) | ||||
Note:
*
CI = Confidence Interval;
a
Median;
b
Interquartile Range