Table 1.
Characteristics of intervention and cross-sectional study participants and diet components.
| Feeding Study Basal (n=10) |
Feeding Study F&V (n=10) |
Tertile 1 (3DFR n=18)2 |
Tertile 3 (3DFR n=18)2 |
P* (3DFR) |
Tertile 1 (FFQ n=22)3 |
Tertile 3 (FFQ n=26)3 |
P* (FFQ) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 29 (4.9)1 | 26 (5.1) | 27 (5.8) | 0.47 | 27 (5.9) | 29 (5.9) | 0.30 | |
| Height (cm) | 173 (6.7) | 173 (10.4) | 172 (10.9) | 0.34 | 172 (10.4) | 174 (10.4) | 0.99 | |
| Weight (kg) | 70 (12.4) | 71 (12.9) | 66 (12.7) | 0.29 | 71 (13.9) | 69 (12.5) | 0.67 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24 (3.6) | 24 (2.9) | 22 (3.4) | 0.08 | 24 (2.9) | 23 (3.0) | 0.21 | |
| Female (%) | 50 | 44 | 61 | 0.50 | 41 | 46 | 0.94 | |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||||||
| Caucasian | 60 | 61 | 56 | 1.00 | 68 | 65 | 1.00 | |
| Asian | 40 | 17 | 39 | 0.26 | 18 | 31 | 0.50 | |
| Other/Unknown | 0 | 22 | 6 | 0.34 | 14 | 4 | 0.52 | |
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2482 (567) | 2481 (663) | 1986 (529) | 2387 (716) | 0.05 | 1482 (614) | 2154 (612) | <0.01 |
| F&V (servings/d) | 0 | 9 (1.3) | 0 (0.7) | 3 (1.8) | <0.01 | 0 (0.1) | 3 (1.5) | <0.01 |
| Protein (% energy)4 | 15 (3.5) | 17 (3.7) | 15 (3.3) | 15 (3.6) | 0.58 | 16 (4.0) | 16 (1.8) | 0.83 |
| Fat (total; % energy) | 30 (6.7) | 28 (7.8) | 33 (9.9) | 32 (7.6) | 0.96 | 34 (9.2) | 30 (5.6) | 0.13 |
| Saturated (% energy) | 14 (3.2) | 9 (3.3) | 11 (3.7) | 10 (3.9) | 0.26 | 11 (3.4) | 9 (2.7) | 0.15 |
|
Mono-Unsaturated (% energy) |
10 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 13 (5.6) | 13 (2.9) | 0.54 | 12 (3.7) | 11 (2.2) | 0.08 |
| PUFA (% energy) | 3 (0.8) | 7 (1.2) | 7 (2.0) | 8 (2.8) | 0.24 | 8 (2.6) | 7 (1.5) | 0.74 |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 55 (12.8) | 57 (15.4) | 52 (11.3) | 56 (6.8) | 0.52 | 50 (10.3) | 56 (6.4) | 0.02 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 10 (3.0) | 29 (5.1) | 13 (3.4) | 32(14.1) | <0.01 | 13 (8.7) | 29 (10.8) | <0.01 |
*
P-value using Mann-Whitney tests for significant differences between first and third tertiles in the cross-sectional study based on 3DFR and FFQ; sex and ethnicity were tested with a proportion test
1
Mean (SD)
2
First and third tertiles of crucifer, citrus and soy intake among the cross-sectional study participants, as calculated based on 3DFR
3
First and third tertiles of crucifer, citrus and soy intake among the cross-sectional study participants, as calculated based on FFQ
4
Percents may not add up to 100 due to rounding