A: Cell viability under 10-30 μM nifedipine treatments for 24 hrs; B: [Ca2+]i at different time points after 20 μM nifedipine application; C, D: The effects of 20 μM nifedipine pretreatment for 2 hrs on the increase in [Ca2+]i due to 10 μM βE2 treatment for 0.5 hrs or 100 μM H2O2 treatment for 2 hrs; E, F: The attenuated effect of 20 μM nifedipine pretreatment for 2 hrs on the increased cell viability and [Ca2+]i due to βE2 and H2O2 co-treatment. N is 20 μM nifedipine in B, C, D, E, and F. Values shown are the Mean ±SD. *represents P<0.05, **represents P<0.01 and ***represents P<0.001 compared with the control group; # represents P<0.05, ## represents P<0.01 compared with the H2O2 group (E, F) and ### represents P<0.001 compared with the βE2 group (C); $ represents P<0.05 compared with the βE2 and H2O2 co-application group by one-way ANOVA statistical analysis. (A: n indicates 5 independent replicates with 5 samples per condition per experiment; B, C, D, E, F: n indicates 3 independent replicates with 4 samples per condition per experiment.).