Table 1.
Groups are matched on a wide array of demographic criteria, including: sex, age, intelligence, hearing, educational attainment, and levels of current exercise (RM-ANOVAs, all p > 0.15)a
| Criterion | None (0 years; N = 15) | Little (1–3 years; N = 14) | Moderate (4–14 years; N = 13) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of females | 6 | 9 | 9 |
| Age (years) | 63.56 (3.76) | 65.46 (4.54) | 65.15 (5.46) |
| IQ (standard score) | 120.40 (8.09) | 118.69 (8.44) | 122.38 (5.37) |
| IQ-verbal (t-score) | 63.13 (7.18) | 63.42 (6.13) | 62.41 (5.07) |
| IQ-nonverbal (t-score) | 58.13 (10.25) | 58.91 (6.77) | 62.75 (4.69) |
| PTA (dB HL; average hearing 0.5–4 kHz) | 20.61 (11.51) | 17.19 (11.39) | 24.95 (8.90) |
| Click V latency (ms) | 6.25 (0.32) | 5.98 (0.49) | 5.97 (0.33) |
| Education | 3.47 (0.64) | 3.23 (0.56) | 3.77 (0.44) |
| Exercise levels | 2.62 (1.39) | 2.81 (0.98) | 2.90 (1.19) |
| Years of music training | 1.71 (0.61) | 8.14 (3.68) | |
| Years since music training | 52.01 (4.10) | 47.46 (6.92) |
aMeans are reported with SDs. PTA, Pure-tone average hearing threshold (dB HL) measured bilaterally from 0.5 to 4 kHz. Refer to Materials and Methods for information on how education and exercise were rated.