Table 1.

Principal morphological characters of Bergbambos, Oldeania, and Asian members of 5 similar genera.

	Bergbambos (Thamnocalamus tessellatus)	Thamnocalamus	Fargesia	Oldeania (Yushania alpina)	Yushania	Borinda	Chimonocalamus
synflorescence	raceme, not unilateral	raceme to panicle, not unilateral	raceme, unilateral	panicle, not unilateral	panicle, not unilateral	panicle, not unilateral	panicle, not unilateral
paraclades	largely ebracteate	substantially bracteate	variably bracteate	largely ebracteate	largely ebracteate	largely ebracteate	largely ebracteate
pedicel	scabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous
fertile florets	1	2–several	2–several	2–several	2–several	2–several	2–several
glume bud remnants	absent	variable	present	absent	variable	variable	absent
rhizomes	short-necked	short-necked	short-necked	long-necked	long-necked	short-necked	short-necked
clump form	unicaespitose	unicaespitose	unicaespitose	culms solitary	pluricaespitose	unicaespitose	unicaespitose
nodes	without roots	without roots	without roots	with short roots	without roots	without roots	with root thorns
supranodal ridge	obscure	obscure	obscure	well developed	obscure	obscure	well developed
culm internodes	terete	terete	terete	sulcate	terete	terete	terete
branch sheathing	reduced	complete	reduced	reduced	reduced	reduced	complete
branch orientation	erect	erect	erect	spreading	erect to spreading	erect	spreading
mid-culm branches	5–7	3–8	5–7	3–7	5–11	5–7	3
culm sheath blades	erect or reflexed	usually erect	erect or reflexed	usually reflexed	erect or reflexed	erect or reflexed	usually reflexed