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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 16.
Published in final edited form as: Org Prep Proced Int. 2013 Aug 16;45(5):10.1080/00304948.2013.816208. doi: 10.1080/00304948.2013.816208

Table 1.

Ullmann, Goldberg, and Hurtley Reactions

Bond type Author Year Copper Source Temperature Ref.
C-C Ullmann 1901 Cu powder (stoichiometric) > 200°C 18
C-N Ullmann 1903 Cu (stoichiometric) reflux 19
C-N Goldberg 1906 Cu (catalytic) reflux 20
C-O Ullmann 1905 Cu (catalytic) > 200°C 21
C-C Hurtley 1929 Cu(OAc)2 (catalytic) reflux 22