Table 2.

Characteristics of included studies.

Study	Country	Study design	Study dates	Patient population1	Trial agents	Method of SIBO diagnosis	Test of SIBO eradication	Days of antibiotic restriction before testing	Dietary restrictions2	Other restrictions
Collins 2011	United States	DB, RCT	Not reported	Children with chronic abdominal pain	Rifaximin versus placebo	LBT	LBT normal 14 days after treatment	60	Light meal the night before	No probiotics for 60 days
Chang 2011	United States	DB, RCT	2006–2008	Celiac patients with abdominal symptoms	Rifaximin versus placebo	LBT	LBT normal 4 days after treatment	30	Multiple food exclusions the day before	None
Furnari 2010	Italy	OL, RT	2007–2010	Adults with SIBO symptoms	Rifaximin versus Rifaximin plus PHGG	GBT	GBT normal 30 days after treatment	10	Boiled rice, meat and water the night before	No probiotics or proton pump inhibitors for 10 days
Lauritano 2009	Italy	OL, RT	2005–2007	Adults with SIBO symptoms	Rifaximin versus metronidazole	GBT	GBT normal 30 days after treatment	90	Carbohydrate restricted the night before	No laxatives for 30 days
Scarpellini 2007	Italy	OL, RT	2004–2006	Adults with SIBO symptoms	Rifaximin (compared multiple doses)	GBT	GBT normal 30 days after treatment	90	Carbohydrate restricted the night before	No laxatives for 30 days
Lauritano 2005	Italy	OL, RT	2003–2004	Adults with SIBO symptoms	Rifaximin (compared multiple doses)	GBT	GBT normal 30 days after treatment	30	Carbohydrate restricted the night before	No laxatives for 30 days
Castiglione 2003	Italy	OL, RT	2000–2002	Adults with Crohn’s disease	Metronidazole versus ciprofloxacin	LBT followed by GBT	GBT normal 7 days after treatment	30	No starch for 48 hours	None
Pimentel 2003	United States	DB, RCT	Not reported	Adults meeting Rome I criteria for IBS	Neomycin versus placebo	LBT	LBT normal 7 days after treatment	90	No legumes or heavy foods the night before	“All use prohibited”
Biancone 2000	Italy	Blinded3, RT	Not reported	Adults with Crohn’s disease	Rifaximin versus placebo	GBT	GBT normal 14 days after treatment	Not reported	No specific restrictions	None
DiStefano 2000	Italy	DB, RT	Not reported	Adults with SIBO symptoms	Rifaximin versus chlortetracycline	GBT	GBT normal 3 days after treatment	30	Rice, meat and olive oil the evening before	None

DB, double-blinded; GBT, glucose breath test; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; LBT, lactulose breath test; OL, open-label; PHGG, partially hydrolyzed guar gum; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RT, randomized trial; SIBO, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

¹These data are meant to be descriptive and do not represent analytical subgroups

²Unless otherwise stated, subjects were NPO for 12 hours before testing

³Unclear whether single- or double-blinded