Table 1. Clinical information of the neonates and mothers.

	Infant								Mother
IDs	Sex	BW1 (gram)	Length (cm)	Complication & Treatment	TOS2 (hrs)	GADAYs3 (days)	Delivery Status	Type of C-section	BMI14	BMI25	Maternal Age	Glucose Level	Diabetic Status
BM62	F	1645	52	NICU (dextrose, fat emulsion, multivitamins)	24	259	cesarean	Emergency, Induced labor	42.45	40.78	29	106	HC6
BM110	F	3450	51		6	275	cesarean	Emergency, Arrest of dilation	30.11	34.96	24	93	HC
BM172	F	3690	52.5		43	287	vaginal		23.17	27.56	34	96	HC
BM124	M	4060	53		2	291	cesarean	Emergency, Arrest of dilation	27.04	33.12	23	120	HC
BM158	F	3505	51		n/a	283	vaginal		19.38	23.58	21	75	HC
BM38	F	3370	48		20	272	vaginal		20.67	21.77	30	117	HC
BM188	F	3410	48.5		27	285	vaginal		19.00	26.30	17	81	HC
BM50	F	2500	48		25	279	vaginal		30.00	37.19	24	90	HC
BM177	F	3246	51		9	280	vaginal		26.94	32.90	20	139	HC
BM3	M	3485	53		5	274	vaginal		25.70	30.30	26	168	Subclinical
BM180	F	3040	49		12	255	cesarean	Elective, Induced labor	30.90	34.40	39	141	Subclinical
BM52	M	2660	49		15	251	vaginal		26.08	28.96	23	164	Subclinical
BM276	F	2875	49.5		8	291	vaginal		n/a	44.07	39	165	Subclinical
BM68	M	2630	49	NICU (bacitracin ointment, nystatin, phenobarbital, rantidine, simethicone, dextrose, ferrous sulfate, multivitamins)	48	250	cesarean	Emergency, Arrest of descent	22.90	23.63	27	285	GDM7
BM126	F	3410	52	Jaundice	4	280	vaginal		35.02	40.96	28	151	GDM
BM9	M	3240	56		4	266	vaginal		21.17	34.92	37	92	GDM
BM256	F	3800	51		9	282	vaginal		n/a	31.82	31	131	GDM
BM257	F	4000	52		16	266	cesarean	Emergency, Arrest of dilation	n/a	39.45	42	182	GDM
BM25	F	2770	48		2	291	cesarean	Elective, Induced labor	27.04	33.12	23	120	DM8
BM181	M	3120	50.5		45	249	vaginal						DM
BM155A	M	3125	50		24	233	cesarean	Emergency, Fetus stress	n/a	27.5	41	n/a	DM
BM155B	M	1750	40.5	NICU (palivizumab, lidocaine-prilocaine cream, ferrous sulfate, dextrose, artificial tears, multivitamins)	24	233	cesarean	Emergency, Fetus stress	n/a	27.5	41	n/a	DM
BM140	M	2940	50	NICU (lidocaine-prilocaine cream, lidocaine injection, artificial tears)	40	270	cesarean	Emergency, Induced labor	23.84	25.95	23	n/a	DM

¹BW = body weight;

²TOS = Time of sample collection;

³GADAYs = gestational age in days;

⁴BMI1 = body mass index(BMI) in 1^st trimester;

⁵BMI2 = body mass index(BMI) in 3^rd trimester;

⁶HC = Healthy control;

⁷GDM = gestational diabetes;

⁸DM = Type 2 diabetes.