(A) Inter-ventricular septal wall thickness (IVSd, mm), (B) Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD, mm) (C) Left venricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD, mm) and (D) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) as determined by echocardiography at baseline and from 1 to 12 weeks of TAC. (E) Heart weights (mg/cm) and (F) lung weights (mg/cm) expressed as ratio of tibia length at 6 weeks following TAC. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 vs. Baseline.