Table 1.
Age | Rater | Variable | Mean | SD | Skew | Kurtosis | N (MZ) | N (DZ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | Parent | Parental feelings | 3.36 | 2.08 | 0.65 | 0.81 | ||
Parental discipline | 2.39 | 1.21 | 0.46 | −0.05 | ||||
Parenting PC | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 1,204 | 2,054 | ||
Child | Parental feelings | 4.34 | 2.27 | 0.43 | 0.10 | |||
Parental discipline | 3.20 | 1.58 | 0.39 | −0.17 | ||||
Parenting PC | 0.00 | 0.87 | 0.08 | 20.07 | 1,158 | 1,977 | ||
CHAOS | 4.46 | 2.32 | 0.42 | −0.13 | ||||
CHAOS PC | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.07 | 20.14 | 1,113 | 1,878 | ||
12 | Parent | sMFQ | 1.80 | 2.82 | 2.94 | 11.97 | ||
sMFQa | 0.00 | 0.87 | 0.69 | 20.29 | 2,011 | 3,549 | ||
Child | sMFQ | 3.35 | 3.90 | 1.94 | 4.38 | |||
sMFQa | 0.00 | 0.93 | 0.36 | 20.39 | 2,009 | 3,562 |
Note: The scales that were used in the final gene–environment model are in bold. MZ, monozygotic twin pairs, DZ, dizygotic twin pairs; PC, principal component; CHAOS, Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale; sMFQ, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, Short Form; N, number of twin pairs with no missing values.
van der Wearden transformed.