. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2013 Feb;25(1):10.1017/S0954579412000922. doi: 10.1017/S0954579412000922

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of untransformed scales and final composites

Age	Rater	Variable	Mean	SD	Skew	Kurtosis	N (MZ)	N (DZ)
9	Parent	Parental feelings	3.36	2.08	0.65	0.81
		Parental discipline	2.39	1.21	0.46	−0.05
		Parenting PC	0.00	0.84	0.17	0.09	1,204	2,054
	Child	Parental feelings	4.34	2.27	0.43	0.10
		Parental discipline	3.20	1.58	0.39	−0.17
		Parenting PC	0.00	0.87	0.08	20.07	1,158	1,977
		CHAOS	4.46	2.32	0.42	−0.13
		CHAOS PC	0.00	1.00	0.07	20.14	1,113	1,878
12	Parent	sMFQ	1.80	2.82	2.94	11.97
	Parent	sMFQ^a	0.00	0.87	0.69	20.29	2,011	3,549
	Child	sMFQ	3.35	3.90	1.94	4.38
	Child	sMFQ^a	0.00	0.93	0.36	20.39	2,009	3,562

Note: The scales that were used in the final gene–environment model are in bold. MZ, monozygotic twin pairs, DZ, dizygotic twin pairs; PC, principal component; CHAOS, Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale; sMFQ, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, Short Form; N, number of twin pairs with no missing values.

van der Wearden transformed.