Figure 1.

Schematic of potential functions of neural systems within the effort network. Results from studies in rodents and primates suggest the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), nucleus accumbens (NAC), and dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in effort-guided decision making. Captions in each box indicate a proposed roles for each structure in effort-guided behavior and arrows indicate possible routes of information flow. These routes are based largely from the results of disconnection studies and anatomical studies performed in rodents.