Table 2.

Diabetic kidney histology

	Diabetic		Non-Diabetic
	WT (n = 10)	PAPP-A KO (n = 13)	WT (n = 12)
Mononuclear cell infiltration	90%	77%	100%
Tubule dilation	80%	0*	75%
Tubule cytoplasmic changes	10%	0	8%
Thickened Bowman’s	100%	<1%*	7%‡
Increased glomerular size	80%	23%	17%
2 or more abnormalities	100%	23%	58%
Other abnormalities	40%	0	58%

Numbers represent the percentage of mice with the indicated observations, assessed in a blinded fashion as described in Methods and Results. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare proportions.

^*Significant difference between 18-month-old Diabetic PAPP-A KO and Diabetic WT.

^†Significant difference between 18-month-old Non-diabetic and Diabetic WT.

Infiltrate, mononuclear cell: aggregates of primarily lymphocytes that were prominently noted around arterioles in the cortex, but also seen around larger vessels in the pelvis. The blood vessels within the aggregates of mononuclear cells were often prominent.

Cortex/medulla, tubules, dilation, increased: dilated tubules that often contained eosinophilic (proteinacious) filtrate.

Cortex, tubules, cytoplasmic alteration: characterized by small groups of tubules with subtle cytoplasmic granularity. The tubules stained lightly eosinophilic to lightly basophilic.

Thickened Bowman’s membrane: noticeable thickening of the membrane in several glomerular tufts.

Increased glomerular size: the change was characterized by an increase in mesangial size which was often associated with an increase in cellularity, mesangial matrix and/or prominent juxtaglomerular area.

Other:

Amyloid: small aggregates of homogeneous, eosinophilic material within an area of mononuclear cell infiltrate. Presumptive amyloid.

Metaplasia: small bone spicule in left kidney.

None of the changes in any of the tissue section were graded greater than mild and most were minimal in severity.