Table 2.
Weighted Percentages and Means for Study Variables from the Kindergarten Waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) 1998 and Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) 2001, Percentages Unless Otherwise Noteda
| ECLS-B
|
ECLS-K
|
ECLS-B Total versus ECLS-K Total (p-value) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Non-Hispanic White | Non-Hispanic Black | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic Asian | Non-Hispanic Other | Total | Non-Hispanic White | Non-Hispanic Black | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic Asian | Non-Hispanic Other | ||
| Child obeseb | 16.4 | 12.0 | 19.4 | 26.4 | 10.0 | 18.1 | 11.6 | 10.3 | 12.3 | 16.2 | 11.1 | 13.3 | <.001 |
| Mother’s race/ethnicity | .017 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 57.7 | 64.4 | |||||||||||
| Hispanic | 23.2 | 16.5 | |||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13.7 | 13.8 | |||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 3.2 | 2.7 | |||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 2.3 | 2.6 | |||||||||||
| Mother’s education | .002 | ||||||||||||
| <9th grade | 4.3 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 15.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 18.8 | 6.1 | 2.5 | |
| 9th–12th grade (no diploma) | 10.2 | 6.4 | 15.6 | 17.3 | 3.6 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 5.7 | 14.3 | 16.9 | 6.0 | 9.8 | |
| High school or GED | 27.9 | 23.4 | 39.8 | 32.3 | 20.6 | 32.7 | 30.8 | 29.7 | 37.5 | 30.6 | 19.4 | 37.2 | |
| At least some college | 30.6 | 32.2 | 31.9 | 26.6 | 19.2 | 38.2 | 32.9 | 34.5 | 35.4 | 25.4 | 23.5 | 36.7 | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 16.1 | 22.8 | 6.7 | 4.2 | 28.9 | 7.3 | 15.7 | 19.3 | 8.4 | 5.9 | 30.7 | 9.9 | |
| At least some grad. school | 10.9 | 14.5 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 24.2 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 9.9 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 14.2 | 3.9 | |
| Log adjusted household income | 10.46 | 10.78 | 9.67 | 10.09 | 10.95 | 10.18 | 10.57 | 10.81 | 9.97 | 10.13 | 10.75 | 10.22 | |
| Mother’s marital status | <.001 | ||||||||||||
| Never married | 19.5 | 8.9 | 55.6 | 26.1 | 5.1 | 23.7 | 13.4 | 6.4 | 43.7 | 15.5 | 5.8 | 22.6 | |
| Currently married | 69.4 | 80.9 | 32.5 | 61.6 | 88.5 | 53.3 | 72.3 | 80.3 | 38.0 | 69.5 | 88.0 | 58.6 | |
| Formerly married | 11.1 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 12.2 | 6.4 | 23.0 | 14.2 | 13.3 | 18.3 | 15.0 | 6.2 | 18.8 | |
| Child’s birthweight | <.001 | ||||||||||||
| Low (<2,500 grams) | 7.3 | 6.3 | 12.1 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 13.9 | 7.2 | 8.8 | 6.7 | |
| Normal (2,500–3,999 grams) | 83.6 | 83.0 | 84.0 | 84.1 | 87.9 | 86.2 | 80.8 | 80.4 | 79.2 | 83.0 | 84.6 | 81.9 | |
| High (≥4,000 grams) | 9.0 | 10.8 | 3.9 | 8.9 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 11.8 | 13.7 | 6.9 | 9.8 | 6.6 | 11.4 | |
| Mother’s age (in years) at child’s birth | 27.4 | 28.3 | 25.3 | 26.2 | 30.0 | 25.5 | 27.4 | 28.1 | 25.5 | 26.2 | 29.6 | 26.1 | .763 |
| Child multiple birth | 3.2 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1.9 | .004 |
| Child female | 49.2 | 50.3 | 50.1 | 46.1 | 47.5 | 50.0 | 48.9 | 48.6 | 49.8 | 49.1 | 49.2 | 49.0 | .720 |
| Child’s age (in months) | 68.2 | 68.5 | 68.0 | 67.8 | 67.4 | 67.5 | 68.5 | 68.8 | 68.1 | 67.7 | 67.7 | 68.2 | .055 |
| Child’s total number of siblings | 1.52 | 1.48 | 1.62 | 1.60 | 1.25 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.39 | 1.60 | 1.57 | 1.54 | 1.74 | .062 |
| Maternal BMI c | 28.3 | 27.5 | 30.6 | 29.1 | 24.2 | 28.7 | |||||||
| Observations d | 5,200 | 2,350 | 800 | 950 | 700 | 350 | 15,240 | 9,570 | 1,970 | 2,350 | 830 | 510 | |
Notes:
The ECLS-K sample is observed in the fall of kindergarten 1998; the ECLS-B is observed during kindergarten of the 2006–2007 or 2007–2008 school year. Statistical test of differences between ECLS-B and ECLS-K figures adjust for clustering and stratification in the sample designs.
Differences in the prevalence of child obesity by race/ethnicity are statistically significant in the ECLS-B (p<.001) and ECLS-K (p<.001).
Differences in mean maternal BMI by race/ethnicity are statistically significant (p<.001).
Observations are rounded to comply with NCES disclosure guidelines and thus may not sum to the total.