Table 2.

Plasma α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin multivariate linear regression models ¹.

Carotenoid	Food 2	Cohort	Training (n = 2706–2784)				Testing (n = 1358–1390)
		% 3	β	SE 4	P	Partial R2	Partial R2
α-carotene 5,6
	Carrots, raw	29.5	0.704	0.036	<0.0001	0.121	0.107 7
	Bananas	1.0	0.212	0.040	<0.0001	0.010	0.006 7
	Carrots, cooked	45.9	0.418	0.087	<0.0001	0.008	0.009 7
β-carotene 8,9
	Carrots, raw	10.9	0.361	0.040	<0.0001	0.029	0.024 7
	Supplemental β-carotene	6.9	0.130	0.0212	<0.0001	0.014	0.018 7
	Broccoli	4.6	0.337	0.069	<0.0001	0.009	0.006 7
	Lettuce, romaine or leaf	8.1	0.171	0.042	<0.0001	0.006	0.007 7
	Cantaloupe	7.1	0.374	0.097	0.0001	0.005	0.007 7
	Prunes	0.6	0.173	0.067	0.01	0.002	0.001
	Pizza	0.7	−0.466	0.191	0.01	0.002	0.001
β-cryptoxanthin 10,11
	Juice, orange	38.3	0.267	0.019	<0.0001	0.066	0.080 7
	Oranges	16.0	0.435	0.039	<0.0001	0.043	0.048 7
	Peaches, apricots, or plums	6.3	0.233	0.048	<0.0001	0.008	0.012 7
	Carrots, raw	3.4	0.136	0.031	<0.0001	0.007	0.001
	Apples or pears, fresh	2.4	0.124	0.029	<0.0001	0.007	0.007 7
	Corn	6.6	−0.298	0.083	0.0003	0.005	0.000
	Prunes	3.1	0.130	0.053	0.01	0.002	0.003 7
	Cucumbers	2.3	−0.064	0.028	0.02	0.002	0.001

¹ Plasma concentrations were natural log transformed and adjusted for age, case-control status, body mass index, plasma cholesterol, menopausal status, and hormone therapy use by the residual method; ² Foods (servings/day; milligrams/day for supplemental β-carotene) selected among the training subset by stepwise selection from all foods contributing ≥0.5% to specific carotenoid intake in the full cohort with 0.10 significance level to enter and 0.05 significance level to stay; ³ 1986–1990 average percent contribution to total intake in the full cohort; supplemental β-carotene intake is 1990 only; ⁴ Standard error (SE); ⁵ Intercept = 3.98, β (SE) for total energy intake = −0.0000798 (0.0000249); ⁶ Model adjusted R² = 0.15 in training and 0.12 in testing; ⁷ P < 0.05; ⁸ Intercept = 5.36, β (SE) for total energy intake = −0.0000758 (0.0000274); ⁹ Model adjusted R² = 0.09 in training and 0.08 in testing; ¹⁰ Intercept = 4.12, β (SE) for total energy intake = −0.0000602 (0.0000223); ¹¹ Model adjusted R² = 0.15 in training and 0.16 in testing.