Table 1.

Primers used in this study

Gene	Primer	Primer sequence (5′→3′)	Purpose	Product size (bp)	Comment
gyrA15	gyrA-F	AATGAACAAGGTATGACACC	PCR	223
	gyrA-R	TACGCGCTTCAGTATAACGC	PCR
parC15	parC-F	ACTTGAAGATGTTTTAGGTGAT	PCR	459
	parC-R	TTAGGAAATCTTGATGGCAA	PCR
gmk17	gmk-F	TCAGGACCATCTGGAGTAGGTAAAG	qRT–PCR	108	internal control
	gmk-R	TTCACGCATTTGACGTGTTG	qRT–PCR
norA17	norA-F	GACATTTCACCAAGCCATCAA	qRT–PCR	102	target gene
	norA-R	TGCCATAAATCCACCAATCC	qRT–PCR
norB17	norB-F	GCTACACCATCAACAGATACAGCAA	qRT–PCR	117	target gene
	norB-R	ACTCAATGCGACGCCAAA	qRT–PCR
norC	norC-RT-F	TGGGTTGGAGATGGATTTTC	qRT–PCR	130	target gene
	norC-RT-R	ACAATTAGCCCTGCAACGTC	qRT–PCR
spa21	spa-F	TAAAGACGATCCTTCAGTGAGC	PCR
	spa-R	CAGCAGTAGTGCCGTTTGCTT	PCR