Localization of hBest1 and hBest1 mutants (R218C, V9M and W93C) in MDCK II cells as determined by confocal microscopy. Representative X–Y and X–Z scans of stained WT or mutant hBest1 (green) are shown. WT (A–C), R218C (D–F), V9M (G–I) or W93C (J–L) hBest1 were expressed via adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in polarized monolayers of MDCK II cells and stained for hBest1. The endogenous apical protein gp135 (red) and nuclei (blue) were stained for positional referencing. WT and R218C hBest1 localized to the basolateral plasma membrane, while V9M and W93C hBest1 were intracellular. Ap and Bl in (B) stand for apical and basolateral, respectively. Scale bars: 20 µm.