Table 2.

Two-part model of cigarette demand, pooled data 1944 – 2004

	Smoking participation	Smoking level
Age	0.004	0.346
	[0.001]**	[0.049]**
Age-squared	−0.010	−0.391
	[0.001]**	[0.054]**
Less than high school	−0.012	1.344
	[0.012]	[0.361]**
High school dropout	0.040	0.396
	[0.009]**	[0.313]
Two year college	−0.047	−0.508
	[0.007]**	[0.323]
College graduate or above	−0.142	−2.152
	[0.007]**	[0.387]**
White	−0.009	3.066
	[0.012]	[0.443]**
Cigarette tax	0.024	−3.170
	[0.020]	[1.170]**
Regulation index	−0.002	−0.189
	[0.001]*	[0.044]**
Year	−0.003	0.071
	[0.001]*	[0.046]
1880 cohort	−0.084	4.365
	[0.103]	[4.153]
1890 cohort	−0.077	5.975
	[0.099]	[3.864]
1900 cohort	−0.021	4.387
	[0.093]	[3.129]
1910 cohort	0.049	6.387
	[0.085]	[2.945]*
1920 cohort	0.045	6.617
	[0.079]	[2.586]*
1930 cohort	0.057	7.372
	[0.063]	[2.115]**
1940 cohort	0.057	6.818
	[0.058]	[1.758]**
1950 cohort	0.013	5.552
	[0.052]	[1.488]**
1960 cohort	0.010	4.218
	[0.052]	[1.340]**
1970 cohort	0.007	1.720
	[0.046]	[1.238]
Male	0.008	2.617
	[0.054]	[1.293]*
1880 cohort × male	0.112	1.463
	[0.058]+	[2.282]
1890 cohort × male	0.203	0.132
	[0.058]**	[1.771]
1900 cohort × male	0.184	3.434
	[0.061]**	[1.570]*
1910 cohort × male	0.127	1.234
	[0.062]*	[1.398]
1920 cohort × male	0.093	1.731
	[0.059]	[1.506]
1930 cohort × male	0.043	1.055
	[0.056]	[1.670]
1940 cohort × male	0.071	−0.258
	[0.052]	[1.390]
1950 cohort × male	0.053	0.079
	[0.053]	[1.538]
1960 cohort × male	−0.016	−1.155
	[0.057]	[1.482]
1970 cohort × male	0.004	0.017
	[0.059]	[1.404]
Constant	5.395	−137.990
	[2.208]*	[90.702]
Observations	28407	7728
R-squared	0.10	0.08

The numbers in brackets are robust standard errors, adjusted for state-level clustering

⁺significant at 10%;

^*significant at 5%;

^**significant at 1%