Table 1.
Aggregate school and household characteristics at baseline among randomly selected schools and communities in Nyanza Province Kenya, February 2007
| Variables | Intervention | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Pupil variables | N = 470 | N = 445 |
| Mean percent girls sampled (SD) | 49.4 (10.0) | 51.6 (10.4) |
| Mean age of pupils sampled (SD) | 11.2 (0.6) | 11.2 (0.6) |
| Pupil wearing shoes (%) | 260 (55.4) | 231 (52.0) |
| Pupil reports soil eating at school (%) | 50 (10.7) | 47 (10.6) |
| Pupil reports soil eating at home (%) | 229 (48.8) | 208 (46.9) |
| School conditions | N = 20 | N = 19 |
| No. schools with electricity at school (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| No. schools with iron sheet roofing throughout school (%) | 19 (95) | 20 (100) |
| No. schools with cement floor throughout school (%) | 4 (20) | 2 (10) |
| Mean school enrollment in number of pupils (SD) | 353.6 (162.6) | 291.6 (101.7) |
| Mean proportion girls (SD) | 49.8 (2.9) | 49.4 (3.8) |
| Mean proportion of pupils who are orphans (SD) | 12.3 (8.0) | 13.1 (6.1) |
| Mean pupil/teacher ratio (SD) | 33.3 (12.1) | 29.2 (8.1) |
| Mean months water is available throughout year (SD) | 2.9 (2.6) | 2.7 (3.4) |
| No. schools where dry season source is < 1,000 m | 14 (74) | 13 (72) |
| No. schools where dry season water source is improved* (%) | 7 (35) | 7 (37) |
| Mean distance to dry season water source in meters (SD) | 900.0 (1047.6) | 832.1 (1502.8) |
| Pupil/latrine ratio greater than 3 times government standard | ||
| Number of schools with boys/latrine ratio > 90:1 (%) | 4 (20) | 2 (10) |
| Number of schools with girls/latrine ratio > 75:1 (%) | 1 (5) | 2 (10) |
| Household demographics† | N = 20 | N = 19 |
| Female headed households (mean %) | 35.4 (20.0) | 27.2 (14.2) |
| Female head of household completed primary school (mean %) | 56.1 (16.9) | 52.7 (14.7) |
| Household currently using improved drinking water source† (mean %) | 62.0 (33.0) | 63.8 (30.1) |
| Latrine coverage in community (mean %) | 49.1 (22.5) | 50.9 (22.0) |
| Parent of households in lowest wealth quintile (mean %) | 21.2 (13.4) | 15.3 (10.7) |
Point estimate is the mean and (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated.
*
Improved sources are defined by the UNICEF/WHO joint monitoring program (wssinfo.org).
†
Household statistics are aggregated from household surveys and are presented as mean percentages (and standard deviations of the mean).