Table 1.

MicroRNAs with a define role in AML.

MicroRNA	Misregulation in AML	Relevant targets	Effects
miR-17-92	Overexpressed in AML with MLL rearrangements [75]	AML1 [55], BIM [93], PTEN [91], p21 [94]	Counteracts monocytopoiesis [55, 57]
miR-29b	Downregulated in AML with MLL rearrangements and deleted in AML with loss of chromosome 7q [44, 84]	MCL1 [84], CDK6 [84], IGFR [84], JAK2 [84], DNMT3a [84], DNMT3b [84]	Induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of AML cells [44]
miR-125b	Upregulated in t(2;11) AML [79]	LIN28A [83]	Inibits myeloid differentiation in AML cells and CD34+ progenitor cells [79, 80] Induces leukemia when overexpressed in mouse bone marrow [81, 82]
miR-146a	Downregulated in CN-AML [22]	NF-κB [60]	miR-146a knock-out mice present myeloid malignancies [59, 60]
miR-155	Upregulated in FLT3-ITD AML [107, 108]	C/EBPb [110]	Produces a myeloproliferative disorder when overexpressed in mouse hematopoietic stem cells [109]
miR-181	Upregulated in AML with CEBPA mutations [71]	p27 [54]	Counteracts monocytopoiesis [54]
miR-196b	Overexpressed in AML with MLL rearrangements [74–78]	HOXB8 [114]	Induces proliferation and survival capacity when overexpressed in bone marrow progenitor cells [78]
miR-223	Dowmregulated in t(8;21) AML [33]	E2F1 [30], MEF2C [35], NFIA [26]	Induces granulocytc differentiation in AML cells [26, 30, 33] miR-223 knock-out mice present altered granulocyte immunological function [35]
miR-342	Downregulated in t(15;17) AML (APL) [40, 44]	n.d.	Induces granulocyitc differentiation in AML cells [38]