Table 4.

Possible clinical utility for measurement of serum IGF axis proteins.

	Reference
IGF-I
Prediction of ITx patients requiring intensive nutritional intervention following transplant	[76]
Index of IF in children with SBS	[75]
Monitoring of recombinant GH treatment	[77]
Monitoring of PN and nitrogen balance	[74]
Indicator of short-term change in nutritional status	[36]
Prediction of refeeding risk and mortality	[98]
Diagnosis of acromegaly	[99]
Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency	[99]
IGF-II
Diagnosis of NICTH	[13]
Monitoring of refeeding	[34]
IGFBP-1
Assessment of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk	[96]
Marker for metabolic syndrome	[53]
Prediction of growth failure in chronic renal disease	[97]
Prediction of development of insulin resistance in children	[54]
Monitoring of life-style interventions	[95]
IGFBP-2
Marker for metabolic syndrome	[55]
Diagnosis of NICTH	[100]
IGFBP-3
Monitoring of nutritional status	[58]
Assessment of GH status	[101]
Monitoring of GH treatment	[101]

Key: ITx: intestinal transplant; IF: intestinal failure; SBS: short bowel syndrome; NICTH: non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia.