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. 2013 Nov 7;8(11):e78874. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078874

Figure 6. EPA induces in vivo and in vitro expression of the apelin/APJ system in muscle.

Figure 6

(A) Apelin and (B) APJ mRNA expression in soleus muscle of ND (n = 7), HFD (n = 10) and HFD+EPA (n = 5). Results represent mean ±SEM **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ns: not significant. (C) Apelin mRNA expression and (D) secretion in differentiated C2C12 cells treated with the indicated EPA concentrations or the corresponding BSA content for 24 hours after 12-hour serum deprivation. Data are mean ±SEM n = 4–5 in each condition. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 ***p<0.001. (E) Effect of 100 µM EPA in the absence or in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (20 µM) or the ERK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 (20 µM) for 24 h after 12-hour serum deprivation on apelin mRNA expression and (F) secretion in differentiated C2C12 cells. Results represent mean ±SEM (n = 4–5 in each condition) *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ns: not significant.