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| Rural settings | High human plague season | Low human plague transmission |
| Period of the year | October to April | May to September |
| Weather | Warm and rainy | Dry and cold |
| Food availability | Absence of crops in the fields | Rice harvest in the fields |
| Rat population (R. rattus) | Low abundance (low reproduction/outbreaks due to plague) | High rat reproduction (inside houses) |
| Flea abundance | X. cheopis in the houses/S. fonquerniei outside |
