. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 9.

Published in final edited form as: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2013 May 30;27(4):10.1053/j.jvca.2012.12.014. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2012.12.014

Table 6.

Previously Described Geometry of the Tricuspid Annulus

	Largest Diameter
Author	Normal	FTR	Largest Change in FTR	Shape in FTR	Annular Height
Ton-Nu et al¹³ by 3D rotational coordinates	SL	AP	AP	More circular, flatter (absolute), and dilated.	Reduced in FTR (absolute). Saddle shaped with highest points at AP and lowest at SL.
Ring et al¹⁴ by MPR through Philips MVQ software	AP	AP	SL	More circular, relatively more planar	No absolute difference in annular height, but annulus to height ratio is reduced. Highest point at septal leaflet attachment. Lowest point is PS near coronary sinus. Saddle shaped.
Fukuda et al¹⁵ by 3D rotational coordinates	AP, with variation among subjects	PS-AL	Equivalent for all	SL and PS	More severe TR had a more planar annulus. Highest point at AS and lowest point at PS. Complicated 3D structure.
Fawzy et al¹⁶ by sonomicrometry array in pigs	Changes in segment length described	–	–	–	Highest point at the AS commissure and lowest point at the PS commissure. Multiplanar.

Abbreviations: FTR, functional tricuspid regurgitation; AP, anterioposterior; PS, posteroseptal; AS, anteroseptal; AL, anterolateral; SL, septolateral; MPR, multiplanar reformatting; MVQ, Mitral Valve Quantification software by Philips.