. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 9.

Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 Aug 2;1302(1):10.1111/nyas.12222. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12222

Table 1.

Effect of insulin and ketones on physiological parameters and efficiency of the working rat heart

	Control glucose n = 8	Insulin n = 5	Ketone n = 5	Ketone + insulin n = 5
Cardiac output (mL/min/g wet wt)	24.9 ± 0.6	26.7 ± 0.9	28.3 ± 0.9	25.8 ± 0.7
Hydraulic work (J/min/g wet wt)	0.30 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01^*	0.37 ± 0.01^*	0.32 ± 0.01
O₂ consumption (μmol/min/g wet wt)	6.5 ± 0.1	5.6 ± 0.1^*	6.0 ± 0.2^*	5.4 ± 0.4^*
Cardiac efficiency (%)	10.5 ± 0.3	13.4 ± 0.6 ^*	13.0 ± 0.2^*	14.3 ± 1.3^*

P ≤ 0.05.