Table 1.
Summary of the study measures
| Variable | Measure |
|---|---|
| PTSD | |
| PTSD severity (self-report) | Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) |
| PTSD severity (interviewer) | PTSD Symptom Scale (PSSI) |
| PTSD diagnosis (interviewer) | Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV |
| Triggered PTSD symptoms (virtual reality) | Virtual Reality PTSD Scale |
| Paranoia | |
| Paranoia severity – ideas of reference (self-report) | Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (GPTS) – part A |
| Paranoia severity – persecution (self-report) | GPTS – part B |
| Paranoia total (self-report) | GPTS – part A and B |
| Paranoia severity (self-report) | Four visual analogue scales |
| Paranoia (interviewer) | Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) |
| Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS) | |
| Triggered paranoia (virtual reality) | State Social Paranoia Scale (SSPS) |
| Processing during trauma | |
| Perceived threat to life during trauma | Thoughts and Feelings During the Assault Scale |
| Negative emotions during trauma | Thoughts and Feelings During the Assault Scale |
| Mental defeat during trauma | Mental Defeat Scale |
| Cognitive processing during the assault (data-driven processing, lack of self-referent processing and dissociation) | Cognitive Processing Questionnaire (State Dissociation Scale; Data-Driven Processing Scale; Lack of Self-Referent Processing Scale) |
| Trauma memory | |
| Memory disorganization | Trauma Memory Questionnaire |
| Characteristics of unwanted memories | Intrusions Qualities Questionnaires |
| Post-trauma responses | |
| Cognitive responses to trauma memories (suppression of trauma memories, rumination on trauma, numbing) | Response to Intrusion Questionnaire |
| Safety behaviours | Safety Behaviour Questionnaire |
| Negative thoughts about self | Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory |
| Negative thoughts about others (overgeneralized danger) | Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory |
| Self-blame | Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory |
| Perceived negative responses of others | Perceived Negative Responses of Others |
| Perceived social support | Crisis Support Scale |
| General psychological processing | |
| Worry | Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) |
| Catastrophizing | Catastrophizing Interview |
| Negative and positive beliefs about others | Brief Core Scheme Scales (BCSS) |
| Inter-personal sensitivity | Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale (IPS) |
| Cognitive flexibility | Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS) |
| Anomalous experiences | Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS) |
| Cannabis used in past month | Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP) |
| Current psychological problems | |
| Anxiety and depression | Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) |
| Insomnia | Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) |
PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition.