Table 1.

List of studies which have directly manipulated Hsp70 expression to investigate the functions of Hsp70 in regulating skeletal muscle plasticity.

	Condition/model	Skeletal muscle phenotype	References
Hsp70 OVEREXPRESSION
Hsp70 transgenic mice	10–12 months adult mice	Decreased body and muscle mass	McArdle et al., 2004
	Aging	Preservation of muscle specific force	McArdle et al., 2004
	Muscle damage/eccentric contractions	Decreased muscle damage, improved muscle functional recovery (adult and old mice)	McArdle et al., 2004
	Muscle damage/cryolesioning	Decreased muscle damage, improved morphological recovery	Miyabara et al., 2006
	Modified muscle use/cast- immobilization and recovery	Improved muscle structural and functional recovery	Miyabara et al., 2012
	Muscular dystrophy/crossed with mdx mice	Improved muscle morphology and function	Gehrig et al., 2012
Hsp70 plasmid electroporation	Muscle atrophy/cast-immobilization	Attenuation of disuse muscle fiber atrophy (adult and old rats)	Senf et al., 2008; Dodd et al., 2009
	Muscle damage/freeze injury	Increased CSA of regenerating muscle fibers	Moresi et al., 2009
Hsp70 KNOCKDOWN
Hsp70 knockout mice	12–15 weeks adult mice	Decreased muscle fiber CSA, decreased muscle specific force	Senf et al., 2013
	Muscle damage/direct cardiotoxin injection	Delayed inflammatory response to injury, impaired muscle regeneration and recovery (smaller CSA of regenerating fibers, sustained inflammation, fibrosis and calcium deposition)	Senf et al., 2013
	Modified muscle use/cast-immobilization and recovery	Decreased muscle reloading damage, decreased size of regenerating fibers	Senf et al., 2013