Table 2.
Clinical characteristics according to the serum uric acid levels*†§
| Variables | Uric acid categories (mg/dL) |
p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <4.0 | 4.0 to <5.0 | 5.0 to <6.0 | 6.0≤ | ||
| (n=245) | (n=302) | (n=144) | (n=58) | ||
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 3.38±0.54 | 4.42±0.28 | 5.33±0.26 | 6.90±0.90 | |
| Age (years) | 48.3±10.9 | 49.4±10.1 | 53.5±9.9*† | 54.7±10.0*† | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.8±2.8 | 22.0±3.4* | 23.0±3.3*† | 24.2±3.9*† | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 117.2±17.6 | 120.4±18.3 | 125.9±20.4*† | 129.2±20.5*† | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 71.5±11.4 | 73.6±12.1 | 77.4±13.4*† | 77.0±12.5* | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 64.6±9.6 | 63.5±0.6 | 65.5±12.4 | 65.8±11.1 | 0.14 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.20±0.82 | 5.33±0.86 | 5.60±0.91*† | 5.67±0.88*† | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mol/L) | 0.89±0.51 | 0.97±0.50 | 1.32±0.81*† | 1.69±1.32*†§ | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, (mmol/L) | 1.83±0.38 | 1.83±0.41 | 1.69±0.45*† | 1.69±0.54 | 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.00±0.70 | 3.10±0.77 | 3.31±0.80* | 3.19±0.96 | 0.006 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.09±0.84 | 5.28±1.38 | 5.52±2.00* | 6.03±2.09*† | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80.9±13.7 | 76.8±12.1* | 74.4±13.0* | 67.7±13.8*†§ | <0.001 |
| Flow-mediated vasodilation (%) | 6.85±3.65 | 6.79±3.60 | 6.24±3.58 | 5.27±3.18*† | 0.01 |
| Baseline brachial artery diameter (mm) | 3.35±0.46 | 3.40±0.48 | 3.43±0.46 | 3.61±0.51*† | 0.002 |
| Framingham risk score (%) | 3.27±3.44 | 3.49±2.98 | 5.08±3.65*† | 6.33±5.42*† | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (n (%)) | 25 (10.2) | 34 (11.3) | 34 (23.6)*† | 19 (32.8)*† | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (n (%)) | 59 (24.1) | 90 (29.8) | 72 (50.0)*† | 41 (70.7)*†§ | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n (%)) | 9 (3.7) | 8 (2.7) | 9 (6.3) | 8 (13.8)*† | 0.008 |
| Smoking (n (%)) | 12 (4.9) | 23 (7.6) | 15 (10.4) | 9 (15.5) | 0.04 |
| Metabolic syndrome (n (%)) | 12 (4.9) | 18 (6.0) | 19 (13.2)* | 16 (28.1)*† | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (n (%)) | 10 (4.6) | 22 (7.9) | 14 (10.9) | 10 (24.4)*† | 0.001 |
| Menopause (n (%)) | 103 (42.0) | 146 (48.3) | 91 (63.2)*† | 41 (70.7)*† | <0.001 |
| Endothelial dysfunction (n (%)) | 75 (30.6) | 87 (28.8) | 50 (34.7) | 32 (55.2)*†§ | 0.002 |
p Values for comparisons across the uric acid categories were performed with ANOVA for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables.
*p<0.05 vs serum uric acid lever<4 mg/dL group.
†p<0.05 vs serum uric acid level 4 to <5 mg/dL group.
§p<0.05 vs serum uric acid level 5 to <6 mg/dL group.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.