Table 2.
Clinical characteristics for men and women presented by level of economic development
| Men |
Women |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under developed | Intermediate developed | Developed | Under developed | Intermediate developed | Developed | |
| N=41 290 | 4340 | 3376 | 8482 | 6404 | 5179 | 13 509 |
| Age (year) | 43.7 (43.4, 44.0) | 43.8 (43.0, 44.5) | 44.2 (43.3, 45.2) | 43.7 (43.1, 44.2) | 43.7 (42.6, 44.9) | 43.7 (43.2, 44.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 (23.2 ,23.5) | 23.6 (23.4, 23.8) | 24.5 (24.3, 24.6)*† | 22.9 (22.8, 23.1) | 23.1 (23.0, 23.2) | 23.5 (23.4, 23.6)*† |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 82.1 (81.6, 82.6) | 80.5 (79.9, 81.1)* | 85.2 (84.9, 85.6)*† | 77.2 (76.8, 77.6) | 76.2 (75.5, 76.9)* | 78.2 (77.9, 78.5)*† |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 119.1 (118.2, 120.0) | 121.6 (120.5, 122.7)* | 125.8 (125.2, 126.4)*† | 115.4 (114.5, 116.3) | 118.5 (117.3, 119.7)* | 120.6 (120.1, 121.1)*† |
| Fasting PG (mmol/L) | 4.9 (4.9, 5.0) | 4.9 (4.9, 5.0) | 5.1 (5.0, 5.1)*† | 4.9 (4.9, 4.9) | 4.8 (4.8, 4.9) | 5.0 (5.0, 5.1)*† |
| PG at 30’ (mmol/L) | 8.1 (8.0, 8.2) | 8.6 (8.5, 8.7)* | 9.0 (8.9, 9.1)*† | 7.5 (7.5, 7.7) | 8.1 (8.0, 8.2)* | 8.4 (8.4, 8.5)*† |
| PG at 120’ (mmol/L) | 5.8 (5.7, 5.8) | 6.2 (6.1, 6.3)* | 6.1 (6.1, 6.2)* | 5.9 (5.8, 6.0) | 6.2 (6.1, 6.3)* | 6.2 (6.2, 6.3)* |
| ACR (mg/g) | 14.1 (7.2, 27.1) | 10.4 (6.6, 19.7)* | 9.8 (6.0, 18.8)*† | 17.1 (8.2, 37.0) | 15.4 (9.3, 33.6)* | 13.3 (7.6, 25.1)*† |
| Fasting serum IRI (mU/L) | 6.4 (4.8, 8.7) | 6.4 (4.4, 9.1) | 7.3 (5.1, 10.4)*† | 6.6 (4.9, 8.8) | 6.5 (4.6, 9.1) | 7.1 (5.1, 10.0)*† |
| Serum IRI at 30’ (mU/L) | 28.0 (16.6, 47.4) | 30.2 (16.7, 49.4) | 39.1 (22.4, 67.7)*† | 31.5 (19.4, 50.4) | 30.9 (20.1, 49.3) | 39.5 (24.7, 61.9)*† |
| Serum IRI at 120’ (mU/L) | 21.1 (11.8, 35.1) | 19.9 (11.6, 35.4) | 26.6 (15.3, 47.0)*† | 24.3 (16.5, 42.2) | 25.9 (11.8, 37.3) | 30.7 (18.8, 50.1)*† |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.57 (4.52, 4.62) | 4.62 (4.57, 4.67) | 4.79 (4.76, 4.83)*† | 4.55 (4.51, 4.59) | 4.68 (4.62, 4.74)* | 4.76 (4.73, 4.79)*† |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.23 (0.91, 1.89) | 1.21 (0.85, 1.83) | 1.37 (0.93, 2.16)* | 1.17 (0.85, 1.66) | 1.05 (0. 78, 1.55)* | 1.09 (0.78, 1.63)* |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.25 (1.24, 1.27) | 1.24 (1.22, 1.26) | 1.26 (1.25, 1.27) | 1.33 (1.32, 1.35) | 1.32 (1.30, 1.33) | 1.40 (1.38, 1.41)*† |
| HOMA-IR | 1.36 (1.00, 1.88) | 1.38 (0.94, 2.01) | 1.64 (1.15, 2.38)*† | 1.40 (1.03, 1.95) | 1.39 (0.95, 2.00) | 1.59 (1.15, 2.26)*† |
| Matsuda ISI | 9.3 (6.5, 12.3) | 8.8 (6.0, 12.8) | 6.9 (4.7, 10.0)*† | 8.6 (6.2, 11.8) | 8.5 (5.8, 11.7) | 7.1 (4.9, 9.5)*† |
*Significant difference compared with developed area, p<0.01.
†Significant difference compared with intermediate-developed area, p<0.01.
SI conversion factors: to convert insulin to pmol/L, multiple values by 6.945.
ACR, albumin creatinine ratio; BP, blood pressure; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesetrol;; IRI, immunoreactive insulin; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; PG, plasma glucose.