Table 2. Stimulation Parameters and Lead Location at Follow-up Evaluation for all Subjects.
| Patient | Location | Identification of the Anatomic Target | DBS Settings |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 a | Thalamus | Leksell frame, MRI intraoperative guidance, general anesthesia (propofol), macrostimulation used, no microelectrode recording | *R 5-7+, 2.5 V, 210 μs, 185 Hz |
| X (mm lateral AC-PC) = 5 | *L 1-3+, 2.35 V, 180 μs, 185 Hz | ||
| Y (mm posterior AC-PC) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm beneath AC-PC) = 0 | |||
| GPi (posteroventral/sensorimotor) | *R 5-C+, 1.0 V, 120 μs, 130 Hz | ||
| X (mm lateral to intercommissural) = 17 | *L 1-2+, 1.0 V, 120 ∀ μs, 130 Hz | ||
| Y (mm anterior to mid-commissural) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm deep to mid-commissural) = 5 | |||
| 2 b | Thalamus | Leksell frame, MRI intraoperative guidance, deep sedation, macrostimulation used, no microelectrode recording | NA |
| X (mm lateral AC-PC) = 5 | |||
| Y (mm posterior AC-PC) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm beneath AC-PC) = 0 | |||
| 3 c | Thalamus | Leksell frame, MRI intraoperative guidance, deep sedation, macrostimulation used, no microelectrode recording | NA |
| X (mm lateral AC-PC) = 5 | |||
| Y (mm posterior AC-PC) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm beneath AC-PC) = 0 | |||
| 4 | GPi (posteroventral/sensorimotor) | Leksell frame, MRI intraoperative guidance, deep sedation, macrostimulation used, no microelectrode recording | R 2-C+, 2. 5 V, 90 μs, 185 Hz |
| X (mm lateral to intercommissural) = 17 | L 2-C+, 2.0 V, 90 μs, 185 Hz | ||
| Y (mm anterior to mid-commissural) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm deep to mid-commissural) = 5 | |||
| 5 | GPi (posteroventral/sensorimotor) | Leksell frame, MRI intraoperative guidance, deep sedation, macrostimulation used, no microelectrode recording | R 4+6-5-7+, 2.1 V, 180 μs, 185 Hz |
| X (mm lateral to intercommissural) = 17 | L 2-1-0-C+, 2.1 V, 180 μs, 185 Hz | ||
| Y (mm anterior to mid-commissural) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm deep to mid-commissural) = 5 | |||
| 6 | Thalamus | Leksell frame, MRI/CT fusion, procedure performed under local anesthesia with dexmedetomidine used for sedation | R 1-C+, 3.0 V, 90 μs, 130 Hz |
| X (mm lateral AC-PC) = 5 | L 1-C+, 3.2 V, 90 μs, 130 Hz | ||
| Y (mm posterior AC-PC) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm beneath AC-PC) = 0 | |||
| Physiologic confirmation with microelectrode recording and macrostimulation | |||
| 7 | GPi, anterior mesial (limbic) | Leksell frame, MRI intraoperative guidance, sedation with dexmedetomidine/propofol, physiologic confirmation with microelectrodes recording only | *R 1-C+, 3.0 V, 150 μs, 90 Hz |
| X (mm lateral to intercommissural) = 14 | *L 1-C+, 2.5 V, 180 μs, 120 Hz | ||
| Y (mm anterior to mid-commissural) = 18 | |||
| Z (mm deep to mid-commissural) = 5 | |||
| Thalamus | *R 11-C+, 2.0 V, 60 μs, 120 Hz | ||
| X (mm lateral AC-PC) = 6 | *L 9-10-C+, 3.0 V, 60 μs, 120 Hz | ||
| Y (mm posterior AC-PC) = 3 | |||
| Z (mm beneath AC-PC) = 0 | |||
| GPi (posteroventral/sensorimotor) | R 8-C+, 2.5 V, 90 μs, 185 Hz | ||
| X (mm lateral to intercommissural) = 17 | *L 8-C+, 2.5 V, 90 μs, 180 Hz | ||
| Y (mm anterior to mid-commissural) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm deep to mid-commissural) = 5 | |||
| 8 | Thalamus | Leksell frame, MRI/CT fusion, procedure performed under general anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil | R C+1-, 2.1 V, 90 μs, 130 Hz |
| X (mm lateral AC-PC) = 5 | L C+1-, 1.9 V, 90 μs, 130 Hz | ||
| Y (mm posterior AC-PC) = 4 | |||
| Z (mm beneath AC-PC) = 0 | |||
| Physiologic confirmation with microelectrode recording and macrostimulation |
Abbreviations: AC, Anterior Commissural; DBS, Deep Brain Stimulation; GPi, Globus Pallidus Pars Internus; PC, Posterior Commissural; NA: Not Applicable.
The DBS settings show right side (R), left side (L), voltage (V), pulse width (µs), and rate (Hz).
a
GPi electrodes are not currently functional secondary to forceful head-snapping tics that led to electrode dysfunction.
b
Electrodes were removed because of infection.
c
Electrodes were removed because of lack of therapeutic benefit.
*
Electrodes are currently turned OFF.