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Neural stem cells (NSC) division in physiological situation and in acute inflammation. Physiologically, NSCs proliferate slowly and asymmetrically generating more committed precursors or differentiated cells. In an inflammatory environment, NSCs might start to proliferate rapidly and symmetrically in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. The pro-inflammatory stimuli activate the transcription factor NF-κB. After acute inflammation is attenuated, NF-κB becomes deactivated and NSCs switch back to the asymmetrical mode of division.