Table 1.

Risk factors associated with aortic arch calcification as determined in 116,309 patients [3]

Risk factor	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)*
Age	Men 2.74 (2.58–2.91)
	Women 3.52 (3.32–3.74)
African descent	Women 1.35 (1.11–1.63)
No college education	Men 1.17 (1.00–1.36)
	Women 1.31 (1.14–1.50)
Total cholesterol > 6.6 mmol/l	Women 1.28 (1.06–1.55)
Current smoking	Men 1.30 (1.10–1.53)
	Women 1.16 (1.01–1.33)
Hypertension†	Men 1.27 (1.11–1.46)
	Women 1.38 (1.23–1.54)

^*Only significant correlations are depicted.

^†This might also be caused or aggravated by vascular calcification.