Table 1.
Baseline Subject Characteristics
| Characteristics | Placebo (N=28) | Ramipril (N=24) | Candesartan (N=22) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.1±2.1 | 64.4±2.1 | 67.0±1.7 | 0.66 |
| Gender (Male), N (%) | 9 (32.1) | 12 (50.0) | 10 (45.5) | 0.40 |
| Race (White), N (%) | 26 (96.3) | 24 (100) | 22 (100) | 0.43 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.6±1.6 | 29.1±1.2 | 30.7±1.7 | 0.68 |
| s-BP (mmHg) | 125.9±3.4 | 133.6±3.3 | 129.2±3.3 | 0.27 |
| d-BP (mmHg) | 74.0±2.3 | 72.6±1.5 | 69.7±2.2 | 0.34 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 88.3±2.5 | 89.8±3.5 | 91.5±3.3 | 0.76 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 40.1±0.8 | 41.7±0.8 | 40.7±1.0 | 0.42 |
| Potassium (meq/L) | 4.01±0.08 | 4.03±0.11 | 4.16±0.10 | 0.57 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.00±0.05 | 1.02±0.04 | 1.01±0.05 | 0.77 |
| LVEF (%) | 53.6±2.1 | 57.1±2.3 | 58.2±2.7 | 0.37 |
| Medical History, N (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 21 (75.0) | 17 (70.8) | 18 (81.8) | 0.68 |
| Current atrial fibrillation | 11 (39.3) | 8 (33.3) | 9 (40.9) | 0.85 |
| Diabetes | 9 (32.1) | 4 (16.7) | 9 (40.9) | 0.19 |
| Past smoking | 11 (39.3) | 10 (41.7) | 9 (40.9) | 0.98 |
| COPD | 3 (10.7) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (13.6) | 0.82 |
| Medications Prior to Randomization, N (%) | ||||
| ACEi | 8 (28.6) | 11 (45.8) | 8 (36.4) | 0.44 |
| ARB | 6 (21.4) | 2 (8.3) | 3 (13.6) | 0.41 |
| β-blocker | 19 (67.9) | 13 (54.2) | 9 (40.9) | 0.16 |
| Statin | 17 (60.7) | 14 (58.3) | 9 (40.9) | 0.33 |
| Diuretic | 17 (60.7) | 10 (41.7) | 14 (63.6) | 0.25 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 5 (19.2) | 7 (29.2) | 7 (31.8) | 0.57 |
BMI, body mass index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.