Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 11.
Published in final edited form as: Lasers Surg Med. 2011 Feb 2;43(3):10.1002/lsm.21043. doi: 10.1002/lsm.21043

TABLE 1.

Laser Pulse Fluence Thresholds for the Generation of Vapor Bubbles (J/cm2)

Sample Fluence (J/cm2) for bubble formation
0.5 nanoseconds pulse 10 nanoseconds laser pulse
RBC 0.8 2.0
RBC lysate 1.2 2.3
Solution of trypan blue dye 2.6 2.7
Blood plasma No evaporation was observed No evaporation was observed