1.

Therapeutic efficacy and the time point of transplantation of bone marrow-derived cells

▪Randomized controlled trials
Study	Publication	Sample size	Cell type injected	Time to cell transfer (days)	Follow-up (months)	Primary endpoints (control/treatment)
Within 24 hrs after AMI
Janssens S et al.[9]	Lancet 2006	67	BMMNC	<1.0	4	LVEF: Δ2.2%/Δ3.4%; P= 0.36
At day 4–7 after AMI
REPAIR-AMI [7]	N Engl J Med 2006	204	BMMNC	4.3	4	LVEF: Δ3.0%/Δ5.5%; P= 0.01
BOOST [8]	Lancet 2004	65	BMMNC	4.8	6	LVEF: Δ3.0%/Δ5.5%; P= 0.01
Suarez de Lezo J et al.[26]	Rev Esp Cardiol 2007	20	BMMNC	7.0	3	LVEF: Δ0.7%/Δ6.7%; P= 0.0026
More than 2 months after AMI
Yao K et al.[27]	Heart 2008	47	BMMNC	390	6	LVEF: Δ1.6%/Δ2.4%, P= 0.52; Infarct area: Δ-1.6%/Δ-2.3%, P= 0.35
Subgroup analysis in RCTs
						LVEF: Δ3.9%/Δ4.5%; P= 0.62 (within 4 days post-AMI);
REPAIR-AMI7	N Engl J Med 2006	204	BMMNC	4.3	4	LVEF: Δ1.9%/Δ7.0%; P= 0.004 (at day 5–7 post-AMI) P value for interaction = 0.03
▪Experimental studies
Study	Publication	Animal model	Cell type	Transfer timing	Follow-up (weeks)	Main results*
						LVEF: 1 hr/1 week/2 weeks:
Hu X et al.[10]	Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007	SD rats	BMMSC	1 hr, 1 week and 2 weeks	2	41.4%/48.1%/44.4%, P < 0.05; Infarct area: 1 hr/1 week/2 weeks: 41.4%/32.8%/37.1%, P < 0.05

^*Comparison of each treatment group with the control group. Δ Changes from the baseline values.

AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BMMNC, bone marrow mononuclear cell; BMMSC, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RCTs, randomized controlled trials.