Figure 6.

A. Manipulation of sexual dimorphism of T1D in NOD mice by gene knock-outs (Chatenoud et al., 2001; Serreze et al., 2001; Serreze et al., 2000) as reported by T1DR or by an original paper for Casp1^−/− mice(Schott et al., 2004).

B. IFN-γ expression in the PLNs of males and females in GF, SPF and SFB-monocolonized NOD mice. Mean cytokine concentration±SEM. Tissues were collected from 13 week-old mice, homogenized and used for IFN-γ-specific ELISA. c - SPF males castrated at 4 weeks of age.

C. IFN-γ-specific RNA expression in 12–13 week old SPF males and females was compared by RT- quantitative PCR. AU-arbitrary units. Mean±SEM.

D. The percentage of IFN-γ-positive cells among CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells from the PLNs of male, female and castrated male (c) NOD mice. Mean±SEM.

E. Peritoneal macrophages from female, male and IFN-γ-negative male mice were pretreated or not with heat-inactivated SECS bacteria overnight before addition of G9C8 T cells and their cognate peptide. IFN-γ was measured by ELISA in the supernatants after overnight culture. Data from a representative experiment of three independent experiments. Mean±SEM.

N= mice per group. p values were determined by Student’s t-test. See also Figure S4.