Table 1.

Ref.	Transducer/System	Settings	Microbubble	Nanoparticle (size)	How Bound	Model Used
[81]	HDI 3000cv	2.3 MHz, 4 cycle pulse over 0.1 ms; 128 lines forming 90° sector, 0.7 MI	Optison	Polymer microspheres (205, 503 nm)	-	Sprague-Dawley rats
[109]	Cylindrically focused single element	1 MHz, 100 sinusoids 1 v peak to peak, 0.75 MPa	Optison	Polymer microspheres (100nm)	-	Sprague-Dawley rats
[82]	Sonos 5500 with S3 broadband transducer	1.3 MHz, 1.8 Mpa , 110 lines over 50 ms fired as single burst with 4 cycles over 3 μs	PESDA	Fluorescent nanospheres (30,100 nm)	-	Wistar Rats
[93]	Focused single element 2.25 Mhz	1.3 s of 3 MHz, 150 kPa and 5 cycle pulse at 1.5 MHz, 1.1 MPa	Lipid-biotinylated	Nanobead (neutravidin coated latex beads)(40, 200 nm)	Biotin-avidin	Cellulose tube
[49]	Spherically focused	2.25 MHz, 3 cycle pulses; 5 MHz,150 kPa, 5×106 cycles & 1.9MPa, 5 cycle pulses ×3 separated by 50 μs; 120 s at 0.25 Hz	Lipid-biotinylated	Liposome (100, 200 nm)	Biotin-avidin, avidin linker	PC-3 cell monolayer
[111]	Sonitron 2000	1 MHz, 10% DC, 10s, 2 W/cm2	Lipid-biotinylated	Lipoplex	Biotin-avidin, avidin linker	BLM cells
[112]	Sonitron 2000	1 MHz, 10% duty cycle, 2 W/cm2, 10 s	lipid-biotinylated	Liposome- siplex (120 nm)	Biotin-avidin, avidin linker	HUH7 and HUH7eGFPLuc cells
[110]	[not specified]	1 MHz, 1 v p-p pulses applied every 3 s for 150 s, 0.79 MI	Albumin	Polystyrene or PLGA (100 nm)	-	c57BL/6J mice hind limb
[55]	Sonitron 2000	1 MHz, 10% DC, 2 W/cm2, 10 s	Lipid-biotinylated	Cationic liposomes, lipoplexes, siPLEXES (125-325 nm)	Biotin-avidin, avidin linker	BLM,HuH-7, HUH7eGFPLuc, A549, Vero cells
[56]	Sonitron 2000	1 MHz, 10% DC, 2 W/cm2	Lipid-biotinylated	Lipoplex	Biotin with avidin linker	BLM cells
[113]	Sonitron 2000	1 MHz, 50% DC, 2 W/cm2; 15 s, 0.17 MPa, 0.17 MI	Lipid Lipid-biotinylated	Liposome, doxorubicin (147 nm)	Biotin with avidin linker	BLM cells
[53]	Unfocused 0.75 in diameter	1 MHz, 5 sets of 300 sinusoids; separated by 100 ms; every 5 s for 12 min; 0.75 MPa	Albumin	PLGA (150 nm)	Covalent-carboiimide chemistry	BALB/c mice hind limb
[102]	ATL/Philips HDI-5000	Nondirectional Doppler, 5 MHz, 1000 Hz PRF, MI 1.0, 20 min	PLA Polymer	Nanoshard after burst (350 nm)	Part of shell	VX2 liver cancer New Zealand rabbits
[97]	Focused: 1.0-MHz 38-mm diameter	1 MHz, 10 ms pulse length, 1% DC, a 1 Hz PRF, 120 s, 1.2 MPa	SonoVue	Lipid coated quantum dots (130 nm)	-	BALB/c mouse; CT-26 tumor
[48]	Focused: 1.0-MHz 38-mm diameter	1 MHz, 10ms pulse length, 1% DC, a 1 Hz PRF, 120 s, 1.2 MPa	SonoVue	Lipid coated quantum dots (30, 80,130, 180 nm)	-	BALB/c mouse; CT-26 tumor
[52]	Focused: Philips TIPS	1 MHz, 7MPa, 5 pulses, 100,000 cycles	Lipid-biotinylated	Liposomes, calcein, thrombin (100 nm)	Biotin-avidin	Canine blood
[119]	Unfocused	1 MHz, 0.5 MPa and 10 Hz PRF, 10 – 50% DC, 10 – 90 s	Optison	Polystyrene (20, 40 100 nm) CdSe quantum dots (20 nm) anionic, cationic, neutral	-	MCF-7 cells/spheroids
[74]	30 mm diameter Unfocused single element	1 MHz, tone bursts with 20 cycles per burst, 10 kHz PRF, 0.1, 0.5, 0.75 W/cm2, 40 s	Polymer	Fe3O4 (12nm)	In shell	SMMC-7721 cells
[54]	Topteam 161	1 MHz, 100 Hz PRF, 0.5 W/cm2, 60 s, 50% DC	SonoVue	mpeg-PLGA-PLL containing siRNA (150 nm)	-	RPE-J cells
[51]	Sonitron 2000	1 MHz, 20% DC, 2 W/cm2; 10-15 s	Lipid-thiol functionalized	Liposome (200 nm)	Thiol-maleimide	BLM cells
[101]	ATL/Philips HDI 5000	5 MHz, nondirectional Doppler 1000 Hz PRF, frame rate 10 Hz, 1.0 MI, 20 min	PLA polymer	Nanoshard after burst (350 nm)	Part of shell	VX2 liver cancer New Zealand rabbits; mda-mb 231 and MCe7 in opticell
[114]	Focused: 1.0-MHz 38-mm diameter	1 MHz, 10 ms-pulse length, 1% DC, 1 Hz PRF, 120 s, 1.2 MPa	SonoVue	Doxil	-	BALB/c mouse; CT-26 tumor
[115]	ATL/Philips HDI 5000; linear transducer	12-5 MHz, doppler: MI 0.4-0.45, 1000 Hz PRF, 20 min	PLA polymer	Nanoshard after burst (>400 nm); polymer NP (217nm)	Part of the shell	ACI rats, 3924a tumors
[57]	Sonitron 2000	1 MHz, 2 W/cm2, 50% DC, 30 s	Lipid-biotinylated	mRNA lipoplex	Biotin - avidin linker	Dendritic cells
[116]	Rich-Mar system	1 MHz, 2 W/cm2, 50% DC, 30 s	Lipid	Rapamycin loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide	In shell	PAEC PVSMC