2.
Immunophenotype of haematopoietic cells and endothelial cells
| Embryonic HPC | Postnatal HPC | ECs | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD14 | − | − | − | [58, 85] |
| CD31 (PECAM-1) | + | + | + | [58, 85, 106, 150] |
| CD34 | + | + | + | [41, 106, 109, 150, 151, 152, 153] |
| CD38 | −/+ | −/+ | − | [152, 153] |
| CD43 | + | + | − | [109, 151] |
| CD44 | ? | + | ? | [153] |
| CD45 | −/+ | + | − | [41, 58, 106, 108, 109, 153] |
| CD54 (ICAM-1) | ? | + | + | [154] |
| CD90 | + | + | (+)a | [109, 153] |
| CD105 (Endoglin) | ? | + | + | [58, 155] |
| CD106 (VCAM-1) | ? | ? | (+)b | [133] |
| CD117 (C-kit) | + | + | (+)a | [58, 79, 151, 153] |
| CD133 | (?)c | + | − | [58, 153] |
| CD143 | + | + | ? | [156] |
| CD146 (MUC-18) | ? | ? | + | [58] |
| CD164 | + | + | − | [157] |
| VEGFR-2 | + | (+)d | (+)e | [58, 106, 132, 151] |
| Tie-2 | + | + | + | [106, 158] |
| VE-Cadherin (CD144) | + | − | + | [58, 106, 109] |
Note: The surface marker profile of human embryonic haematopoietic precursors (HPC), postnatal HPCs and ECs is depicted. The surface marker profile of the EC markers shown is based on the analysis of both in vivo ECs and in vitro cultured vessel wall ECs.
(+)a indicates that we identified a small CD90+ or CD117+ population on non-passaged vessel wall ECs.
(+)b indicates that CD106 is upregulated following endothelial activation [133].
(+)c indicates that the haematopoietic potential (T cells) of embryonic stem cell-derived CD133+ HPCs has been demonstrated only in vivo [134].
(+)d refers to a report on the expression of VEGFR-2 on a small HSC population [132].
(+)e indicates that the precursor–product relation between circulating VEGFR-2+ cells and EOCs generated in vitro has not yet been proven.