Table 4.

Summary of the metabolic, behavioural, pathological and insulin signalling changes in A+I+ mice on standard (STD) or typical Western (TWD) diet compared to corresponding A+I− mice

	A+I+ STD	A+I+ TWD
Metabolic phenotype in periphery
Hyperglycaemia	-	-
Hyperinsulinaemia	-	-
Insulin resistance	-	-
Behavioural phenotype
Spatial learning	–	↓
Aβ pathology
APP expression and processing	–	–
Aβ levels†	–	–
IDE levels	–	–
τ Pathology
τ Expression (total τ levels)*	–	–
τ Phosphorylation	–	–
Inflammation
CD45+ microglia	↓	-
Insulin and insulin signalling in brain
Insulin levels	–	↓
Akt activity	-	–
GSK3α activity	↓	–
GSK3β activity	↓	–

^*Female mice on TWD diet showed specific appearance of 62 kD τ isoform (2N3R) when compared to female mice on STD.

^†Male A+I+ mice on STD and TWD showed a decrease in Aβ1–40 levels, whereas the ratio of Aβ42/40 was increased.