Table 9.
Prevalence and abundance of class 1 integron (intI1) genes in litter obtained from four sequential flocks of broiler chickens administered probiotics or prebiotics and reared in research housing. The number (#) of eubacterial genomes and intI1 copies per 25 ng litter DNA was calculated after normalizing the quantitative PCR signal using a control strain and adjusting the signal to reflect genome numbers for the most abundant genera in broiler litter.
| Treatment | # intI1 copies * ± SD | # eubacterial genomes * ± SD | intI1: eubacterial genome ratio * | Mean Ratio ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Control Flock 1 |
6.30 × 107 ± 9.69 × 106 | 1.15 × 109 ± 1.23 × 107 | 0.0547 | |
| Flock 2 | 2.69 × 107 ± 2.90 × 106 | 1.26 × 109 ± 3.03 × 108 | 0.0214 | |
| Flock 3 | 3.11 × 106 ± 1.77 × 105 | 5.25 × 108 ± 1.05 × 107 | 0.0059 | |
| Flock 4 | 2.97 × 107 ± 8.46 × 106 | 1.04 × 109 ± 5.30 × 107 | 0.0286 | 0.0277 ± 0.0204 |
|
All-Lac Flock 1 |
3.30 × 107 ± 5.87 × 105 | 1.10 × 109 ± 2.54 × 108 | 0.0300 | |
| Flock 2 | 1.59 × 107 ± 9.31 × 106 | 5.23 × 108 ± 2.74 × 107 | 0.0304 | |
| Flock 3 | 3.15 × 107 ± 6.79 × 106 | 1.29 × 109 ± 2.25 × 108 | 0.0244 | |
| Flock 4 | 4.41 × 107 ± 7.29 × 106 | 2.07 × 109 ± 1.06 × 109 | 0.0213 | 0.0265 ± 0.0044 |
|
All-Lac + BioMos Flock 1 |
2.31 × 107 ± 4.12 × 106 | 7.26 × 108 ± 3.76 × 107 | 0.0318 | |
| Flock 2 | 3.38 × 107 ± 1.44 × 106 | 1.28 × 109 ± 1.29 × 108 | 0.0263 | |
| Flock 3 | 2.81 × 107 ± 2.09 × 106 | 1.10 × 109 ± 3.63 × 107 | 0.0254 | |
| Flock 4 | 2.37 × 107 ± 4.03 × 106 | 1.05 × 109 ± 4.58 × 107 | 0.0224 | 0.0265 ± 0.0039 |
|
Aviguard Flock 1 |
3.25 × 107 ± 1.06 × 106 | 1.14 × 109 ± 2. 06 × 108 | 0.0286 | |
| Flock 2 | 3.56 × 106 ± 2.02 × 105 | 7.80 × 107 ± 4.63 × 106 | 0.0456 | |
| Flock 3 | 5.98 × 107 ± 3.42 × 106 | 8.17 × 108 ± 2.67 × 107 | 0.0732 | |
| Flock 4 | 4.18 × 107 ± 2.91 × 106 | 1.06 × 109 ± 2.16 × 108 | 0.0393 | 0.0467 ± 0.0190 |
|
Primalac Flock 1 |
5.69 × 107 ± 2.06 × 107 | 7.06 × 108 ± 6.80 × 107 | 0.0806 | |
| Flock 2 | 6.94 × 107 ± 2.61 × 107 | 1.33 × 109 ± 4.24 × 105 | 0.0520 | |
| Flock 3 | 2.76 × 107 ± 3.54 × 105 | 8.64 × 108 ± 6.04 × 107 | 0.0320 | |
| Flock 4 | 1.12 × 107 ± 7.07 × 103 | 4.27 × 108 ± 5.83 × 107 | 0.0263 | 0.0477 ± 0.0245 |
* No significant differences were observed among treatments using Tukey test (P > 0.05).