Table 1.
BDI-II | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Girls (n = 1,037) | Boys (n = 951) | ||||
Median (P25–P75) | p-value ‡ | Median (P25–P75) | p-value ‡ | ||
Family characteristics | |||||
Parents’ education, year | |||||
0–6 | 6.99 (3.00–12.24) | 0.163 | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | 0.143 | |
7–9 | 5.12 (2.00–10.00) | 3.00 (0.00–6.01) | |||
10–12 | 6.01 (2.00–11.00) | 3.08 (1.01–6.01) | |||
≥13 | 6.01 (3.00–10.00) | 3.16 (1.01–7.17) | |||
Household | |||||
Both parents | 6.01 (2.00–10.00) | 0.004 | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | 0.618 | |
Mother/father/other | 6.99 (3.99–11.99) | 3.00 (1.01–7.35) | |||
Parents’ depression | |||||
None | 5.00 (2.00–10.00) | 0.001 | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | 0.054 | |
At least 1 parent | 6.99 (3.00–11.99) | 3.99 (1.01–8.00) | |||
Do not know | 6.01 (2.00–9.01) | 2.05 (0.00–6.01) | |||
Individual characteristics | |||||
Age at menarche, year | |||||
≤10 | 6.99 (3.00–15.75) | 0.010 | |||
11 | 6.99 (3.00–11.99) | ||||
12 | 6.01 (2.00–11.55) | ||||
≥13 | 5.00 (2.00–9.01) | ||||
Pre-menarche | 5.00 (2.00–8.04) | ||||
BMI † | |||||
<p85 | 6.01 (2.00–11.00) | 0.228 | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | 0.813 | |
≥p85 & <p95 | 6.99 (3.00–10.00) | 3.50 (1.01–6.99) | |||
≥p95 | 6.01 (3.00–13.00) | 3.00 (1.01–6.99) | |||
Behaviours | |||||
Sleeping duration, h | |||||
8.5–9.5 | 5.63 (2.00–10.00) | 0.012 | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | 0.956 | |
≤8.5 | 6.99 (3.00–11.99) | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | |||
≥9.5 | 6.01 (3.00–11.00) | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | |||
Smoking | |||||
Never | 5.00 (2.00–9.45) | <0.001 | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | 0.072 | |
Ever | 8.40 (3.99–15.75) | 3.00 (1.01–8.00) | |||
Drinking alcohol | |||||
Never | 6.01 (2.00–10.00) | 0.002 | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | 0.038 | |
Ever | 6.30 (3.00–11.99) | 3.99 (1.01–6.99) | |||
Physical exercise | |||||
Never | 6.30 (3.00–11.99) | 0.152 | 3.00 (1.01–6.99) | 0.127 | |
≤1 time/week | 5.00 (3.00–9.01) | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | |||
2–3 times/week | 6.01 (2.00–10.00) | 3.00 (1.01–6.01) | |||
≥4 times/week | 4.49 (2.00–6.99) | 3.99 (1.01–8.00) |
Abbreviations: BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). † BMI was classified according to the age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles, elaborated by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ‡ Mann Withney or Kruskal-Wallis tests.