Table 3.

Multivariable analysis of the relationship between PTSD and STSS in the overall sample.

Model	No PTSD (N=363)		PTSD(N=116)		% Difference, PTSD vs. No PTSD (95% CI)	P
	Geometric Mean	95% CI	Geometric Mean	95% CI
Unadjusted	31.1	24.6 – 39.4	60.6	41.8 – 87.9	+ 95% (30% – 192%)	0.001
Adjusted for socio-demographic factors*	31.6	24.9 – 40.1	59.9	41.1– 87.3	+ 90% (25% – 186%)	0.002
+ service in Southeast Asia	30.9	24.3 – 39.1	64.3	43.9 – 94.1	+ 108% (37% – 217%)	<0.001
+ lifestyle and CHD risk factors†	31.5	24.7 – 40.1	64.2	43.3 – 95.2	+ 104% (31% – 216%)	0.002
+ major depression	31.3	24.5 – 39.9	64.1	42.6 – 96.4	+ 105% (30% – 222%)	0.002
+ other psychiatric diagnoses‡	30.7	24.1 – 39.1	68.5	45.2 – 103.7	+ 123% (41% – 254%)	<0.001

CHD: coronary heart disease; CI: confidence interval; PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder; STSS: stress total severity score. 469 twins (112 with PTSD) were included in the STSS analysis. Because STSS was not normally distributed, it was log transformed for analysis; results are presented as geometric means and percent differences to improve interpretability.

^*Age, education, family income

^†Number of alcoholic drinks per day, smoking (never, past, current), physical activity (not active, moderate activity, vigorous activity), history of hypertension

^‡Alcohol or drug abuse or dependence