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. 2013 Apr;20(4):463–475. doi: 10.1177/1933719112459225

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

The effects of vitamin D on LPS-induced mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines, and contractile-associated proteins in immortalized human myometrial (UtSM) cells. The UtSM cells were treated with different concentrations of vitamin D for 12 hours in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL). The RNA was subjected to quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The data were normalized with their respective GAPDH values. Vitamin D decreased (A) LPS-induced (a) MCP-1, (b) IL-1β, (c) IL-13, (d) TNF-α, (e) TLR-4, and (f) TLR-5; (B) LPS-induced (a) connexin 43, (b) oxytocin receptor, and (c) prostaglandin receptor mRNA expression. Vitamin D increased (d) IL-10 and (e) TLR-10 mRNA expression in the presence of LPS. The bars represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from 3 replicates in each group. Groups with asterisks (*P < .05; **P < .01) are significantly different from the vehicle treated control or LPS. GAPDH indicates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; TLR, Toll-like receptor; mRNA, messenger RNA; RT-PCR, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction; UtSM, myometrial smooth muscle.